Speech Correction: Principles and Methods
by
C. Van Riper, Ph.D
Director of the speech clinic
Western State Teachers College
New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1939
Contents
Chapter
1. Speech handicaps and the need for speech correction
- Primitive reactions of society to the handicapped
- Reactions of children to the handicapped
- Reactions of educated adults to the handicapped
- Present treatment of other handicapped individuals
- Treatment of the speech handicapped
- The need for speech correction
- Responsibility for speech correction
- Where responsibility should fall
2. The nature of speech
- Respiration
- Phonation
- Resonation
- Articulation
3. The development of speech
- The birth cry and other reflexive sounds
- Babbling and vocal play
- Socialized vocalization
- Practice of inflections
- Teaching the child to say his first words
- The one-word sentence
- Vocabulary and sentence strucgture
- Causes of delayed speech
- Mastering the various speech sounds
4. Recognition and prevention of speech disorders
- Definition
- Classification
- Prevention
5. The speech defective
- Personality and behavior problems as causes and consequences of speech defects The study of personality The importance of physical, environmental, and behavioral differences
- Penalties and approvals
- Reaction to penalty or approval
- Regressive or withdrawal behavior as a reaction to penalty
- Aggressive or protest behavior as a reaction to penalty
- Intelligent unemotional acceptance as a reaction to penalty
- Treatment of persons with personality and behavior problems
- Discovering and eliminating the nuclei of personality problems
- Eliminating and minimizing the penalties and unmerited approvals that produce maladjustment
- Eliminating the withdrawal and attach reactions which characterize the maladjustment
- Treatment of individuals with certain special personality and behavior problems
6. The speech correctionist and general procedures in treatment
- Qualifications of the professional speech correctionist
- Principles of professional conduct
- Preparation of speech correctionist
- Speech correction in the public schools
- Selection of cases
- Organization of speech correction in the public schools
- Speech correction and the classroom teacher
- Speech correction in the home
- Group versus individual techniques
- Differences in the treatment of children and adults
7. The case history
- Uses and limitations of the case history
- Rapport
- Administering the case history
8. Special tests and examination methods
- Intelligence tests
- Personality tests
- Achievement tests
- Auditory acuity
- Auditory memory span
- Pitch discrimination
- Laterality
- Vertical board test of laterality
- Breathing
- j. Motor coordination
- Examination for organic defects
- The autobiography
9. Speech tests
- Articulation tests
- Phonation
- Disorders of symbolic formulation and expression
- Examination for stuttering
10. Treatment of the child who has not learned to talk
- Types of delayed speech
- Causes of delayed speech
- Low intelligence
- Hearing defects
- Poor coordination
- Illness
- Lack of motivation
- Poor speech standards
- Improper methods used in teaching the child to talk
- Shift of handedness
- Bilingual conflicts
- Emotional shocks and accidents
- Emotional conflicts
- Poor auditory memory span
- Aphasia
- General principles of treatment
- Selecting the first words
- Ear training for delayed speech cases
- The production of speech sounds
- Kinesthetic methods
- Word production
11. Treatment of articulatory disorders
- General principles of treatment
- Convincing the student that he makes speech errors
- Elimination of the causes
- Ear training
- Methods for teaching a new sound
- Strengthening the new sound
- Making the transition to familiar words
- How to get the child to use the new sound
12. The treatment of voice disorders
- The treatment of pitch disorders
- The treatment of intensity disorders
- The treatment of disorders of voice quality
13. The treatment of stuttering
- The problem of stuttering
- The nature of the stuttering block
- The development of stuttering
- Treatment of the young stutterer in the primary stage of stuttering
- The treatment of the stutterer in the secondary stage
- Summary of the activities in the first period of treatment
- The second period of therapy
- The third period of therapy
14. Cleft-Palate Speech
- Causes
- Articulatory and phonatory aspects of the disorder
- Surgical treatment
- Speech correction procedures
- Strengthening the soft palate
- Directing the air flow through the mouth
- Increasing mobility of articulatory structures
- Correction of defective consonant and vowel sounds
15. The problem of bilingualism and foreign dialect
- Aims of treatment
- Difficulties experienced by the foreign speaking individual
- Treatment of the young non-English-speaking child
- The speech problem of the adult with foreign speech or accent
- Vocabulary
- Errors in producing the English vowels and consonants
- Stress
- Melody
- Sentence structure
- Thinking in English
Index