Structures of NIS Synthetases

Having spent much time on the NRPSs and NRPS produced siderophores, we find ourselves increasingly interested in the NRPS-independent siderophores, or NISs. In particular, a distinct family of adenylating enzymes are involved in the production of many citrate, succinate, or 2-ketoglutarate dependent siderophores. This is a list of crystal structures of NIS synthetases that have been crystallized and structurally characterized.

Updated July 2022. Currently 23 structures of 10 different proteins.

Protein

Siderophore

Organism

NIS Class

PDBs and ligands or mutant structure

AcsD Achromobactin Pectobacterium chrysanthemi Type A 3FFE, unliganded; 2W04, citrate; 2W02, ATP; 2W03, adenosine, citrate, + SO4; 2X3J, citrylethylenediamine + ATP; 2X3K, AMP.
AlcC Alcaligin Bordatella bronchiseptica Type C, iterative 2X0O, unliganded; 2X0Q, ATP; 2X0P, Adenosine.
AsbB Petrobactin Bacillus antracis Type C, modular

3TO3, ADP.

IucA Aerobactin Klebsiella pneumoniae Type A 5JM7, unliganded; 5JM8, ATP.
DfoC Desferrioxamine Erwinia amylovora Type C, iterative 5O7O, unliganded, fused to succinyl transferase domain.
IucC Aerobactin Klebsiella pneumoniae Type C, modular 6CN7, unliganded.
DesD Desferrioxamine Streptomyces coelicolor Type C, iterative 6NL2, unliganded; 6P63, AMP; 6XRC, R306Q mutant.
SbnC Staphyloferrin B Staphylococcus aureus Type B 7CBB, AMP.
DesD Desferrioximine/Ferrimycin Streptomyces griseoflavus Type C, iterative 7TGJ, unliganded; 7TGK, 2Mg•ATP; 7TGL, 2Mg•AMP•PPi; 7TGM, Mg•HSC-AMS•Pi.
DesD Desferrioximine/Salmycin Streptomyces violaceus Type C, iterative 7TGN, unliganded.

Some of the structures were determined in our lab, while others have been determined by other crystallographers throughout the world. References to publications are available at the links at the Protein Data Bank.

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