Latin West
The following five regimes were key geographical entities of the Latin West around the year 1300:
- Five powers in northern Italy: The kingdoms of Naples, Papal States, Florence, Milan, and Venice
- France included Normandy (since 1216) and most of the south (but not Gascony, Brittany and Flanders)
- Flanders
- England extended to York but was concentrated in the south of today's England. Scotland gained independence in 1314
- Five separable political units in the Iberian peninsula included the following kingdoms: Portugal, Navarre, Castile, Granada, and Aragon
Ruiz, Teofilo (1996). Medieval Europe: Crisis and renewal. The Teaching Company Limited Partnership