ALCTS Directors of Technical Services in Large Research Libraries Round Robin, January 2003

Robert L. Worden, Chief of the Federal Research Division, was detailed as acting chief, Asian Division, on October 1, 2002, and will serve until a permanent chief is appointed. Dr. Worden participated in the interview process for the chief’s position, which was completed in December. Karl K. Lo ended his six-month temporary appointment as acting chief on September 30. Mr. Lo helped initiate the digitization of the Naxi collection and brought CJK and Thai scripts to staff PCs. He also worked on preserving the collections and updating rare book policies and security procedures, and sent some thirty Asian Division publications to be digitized by Beijing Superstar Co. In addition, he was instrumental in securing a scanner, color printer, and digital camera for the use of the Asian Division staff.

Beginning in July, Asian Division staff undertook a major effort to identify material to be sent to offsite storage at Fort George G. Meade, Maryland. Agreement was reached on which classes in each collection should be targeted for remote storage. Items needed for reference, brittle items, some material in traditional Asian bindings, and multipart items for which the cataloging records lack contents notes or analytics were candidates to be kept on Capitol Hill. Some MLC (minimal level cataloging) material is scheduled for storage at Fort Meade beginning in early 2003. This effort is expected to free up a significant amount of space on Capitol Hill for the growing Asian collections.

A cooperative program between the Asian Division and the Geography and Map Division resulted in a cartobibliographical analysis of the Library’s collection of early Chinese maps and related books and gazetteers. Li Xiaocong, a professor of history and geography at Beijing University, was contracted to prepare an authoritative and comprehensive catalog of Arthur W. Hummel’s (former chief of Orientalia Division) map collection in the Geography and Map Division and 100 maps in the rare Chinese local gazetteers. Prof. Li was on site from July to October 18, 2002. He gave a lecture on September 10 using digital maps to discuss the pre-1900 maps in the Library by comparing them with similar maps at the British Library, Bibliotheque Nationale de France, and Societa Geografica Italiana. Prof. Li completed the date authentication and detailed descriptions, in English and Chinese, of 241 rare Chinese maps. The cartobibliogaphy will be posted on the Library’s website and a printed version will be published in China.

European Division

The Division continued to manage the Meeting of Frontiers project, a Russian-English digital library that chronicles the exploration and settlement of the American West, Alaska, and Siberia and the Russian Far East. In October 2002, the project team completed the fifth expansion of the Meeting of Frontiers site, http//frontiers.loc.gov, with the addition of items from the collections of the Library of Congress, the Russian State Library in Moscow, the National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg, and seven institutions in the West Siberian cities of Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk, and Tomsk. The site now contains over 6,800 library items and over 111,000 digital items. Russian First Lady Liudmila Putin was shown a preview of the new materials from Russia on the occasion of her October 12 visit to the National Book Festival and the Library. In cooperation with the American Councils of Teachers of Russian and the Foundation for Internet Education, Meeting of Frontiers sponsored a July 2002 seminar in Moscow with 25 Russian and 25 American teachers, who jointly planned the development of educational tools for using Meeting of Frontiers in schools. In cooperation with the Alaska Geographic Alliance, the project team also organized a second educational event in Anchorage in July 2002 involving Russian and American teachers.

The Division began cooperative work with the Royal Library in the Netherlands on a digital library project,“The Atlantic World: America and the Netherlands, 1609 to the Present,” that deals with the Dutch presence in North America in the 17^th century and beyond.

In cooperation with the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies, Washington and the Center for German and European Studies of the University of California, Berkeley, the Division hosted a conference at the Library, September 10, 2002. Speakers included Congressman Gil Gutknecht, Librarian of Congress James H. Billington, and the German ambassador to the U.S., Wolfgang Ischinger.

Following acceptance of a gift of some 40,000 Russian books from Victor Kamkin, Inc., a bookstore in Rockville, Maryland that went out of business, Division staff searched all titles, accessioned those not in the LC collections, and arranged to send duplicates to interested research libraries in the United States. In November 2002, some 10,000 books were shipped to Miami University of Ohio.

Federal Research Division (FRD)

Revolving Fund. A new law (LC Fiscal Operations Improvement Act), which give FRD revolving fund authority has been in effect more than a year and has brought new-found financial stability for the division and its programs. Federal agencies and entities of the D.C. government can deposit current-year funds for FRD work in a Treasury revolving fund and those funds remain available until expended over multiple fiscal years. More information is available on the FRD Homepage under What’s New (http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/).

Contractor use agreements. The Federal Acquisition Regulation (Section 51.1) allows Federal government contractors who are performing services for Government agencies to use “Government sources of supply for goods and services.” FRD is one of those sources of supply of services and can enter into Contract Use Agreements (CUAGs) with qualified organizations. More information is available on the FRD Homepage under What’s New (http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/)

Country Studies/Area Handbook Program http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/cshome.html. At this time, there are 101 countries and regions online. The website was accessed more than 16.9 million times in calendar 2002. The joint book on the Dominican Republic and Haiti was published by the Superintendent of Documents in April 2002 and the book on Cuba in December 2002. Discussions have been held with the House Armed Services Committee for a possible resumption of the Series.

Vietnam War Era PW/MIA database <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pow/powhome.html> has an index of 137,992 formerly classified Vietnam War era documents. The site was accessed more than 172,000 times in calendar 2002 and receives about 25 email queries each month. Work is underway to mount images of the original documents on the Website (in addition to the 499 reels of microfilm available in the Microform Reading Room). This project is mandated by Congress.

U.S.-Russia Joint Commission databases <http:// lcweb2.loc.gov/pow/powhome.html> has 212 full-text Soviet archival and related documents dealing with World War II, Korea War, Cold War, and Vietnam War unaccounted for U.S. personnel. Additionally, there are several hundred pages of official reports produced by the U.S. side of the U.S.-Russia Joint Commission on POW/MIA Affairs. Texts of the original Russian-language documents, along side their English translations, are available on microfilm and work is underway to also mount images of the original documents on the website. The site was accessed 9,812 times in Calendar 2002.

The same sponsor has also funded a Soviet Gulag website which is now under construction.

Cold Regions Bibliography <http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/coldregions/coldreg.html>. Even though FRD’s work on this bibliographic database ceased as of September 30, 2000, the WWW-accessed database is still available to LC Homepage visitors and was accessed more than 77,000 times in calendar 2002.

Terrorism Studies <http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/terrorism.htm>. This Website launched in December 2001 incorporated three reports done by FRD in past years dealing with terrorism subjects. The report “The Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism,” completed in September 1999 under an Interagency Agreement with the National Intelligence Council and including a prediction of the al Qaeda airplane attack on the Pentagon and other government buildings, received substantial media attention in May 2002. The site was accessed more than 125,000 times in calendar 2002.

Hispanic Division

The Hispanic Division and the University of Texas Press published volume 58 of the Handbook of Latin American Studies in July 2002. This volume covers the humanities. The Handbook is an annual, annotated bibliography compiled in the Hispanic Division with the collaboration of 139 Latin Americanist scholars.

Portals. The head of Hispanic Reading Room organized a team of librarians and library fellows to prepare Portals to the countries and regions of the Luso-Hispanic and Caribbean world. The portals provide electronic resources to 39 countries/regions, ranging from Andorra to Venezuela and including areas such as Puerto Rico and Easter Island. The address of the sire is on: lcweb.loc.gov/rr/hispanic.

Digitization of primary source materials. The Hispanic Division continued two major digitization efforts. Brazil and the United States: Expanding Frontiers, Contrasting Cultures is a collaborative project of the Library of Congress and the National Library of Brazil. The project will present digitized materials such as prints, manuscripts, maps, photographs and books, illustrating the history of two continent sized countries, Brazil and the United States, during the nineteenth century emphasizing commonalities and differences. The project will be on the Web by May 2003.

The Library of Congress and the National Library of Spain are preparing another digitization project, Spain, the United States and the American Frontier, to illustrate the impact of Spain on what is today the United States from about 1500 to 1821. The preliminary project, already available on the Web <lcweb.loc.gov/rr/hispanic>, includes manuscripts, maps, books, and images of an important period in American and Spanish history.

Foreign librarians learn the ways of a U.S. research library. Two Brazilian librarians and one from Chile, all sponsored by the Lampadia Foundation, are spending a year in the Hispanic Division, working on project such as the Brazil project and the Portals undertaking. In addition, the division hosted two librarians from Spain for year each.

Office of Scholarly Programs

Fellowships and Grants at the Library of Congress

The Library of Congress offers a number of competitive grant programs to support research in the Library’s collections. The calendar below lists current support programs by their deadline dates during 2003.

February 15

The Swann Fellowship in Caricature and Cartoon is a program administered by the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. This fellowship offers a grant of $15,000 for the term of appointment, supporting research into caricature and cartoon art with no limitation regarding place or time period. The fellow must be in residence at least 2 weeks during the award period and deliver a public lecture on work in progress. Eligibility criteria include M.A. or Ph.D. candidacy in a university in the U.S., Canada, or Mexico. The applicant must be working toward completion of the degree or be engaged in postgraduate research within 3 years of the M.A. or Ph.D. degree.

August 15

Kluge Center Fellowships are residential postdoctoral fellowships open to qualified scholars worldwide. They support research in the humanities and social sciences which utilize collections in the Library of Congress. Grants of $3,500 per month are made for periods between 6 to 12 months duration. Eligibility criteria include the Ph.D. or other terminal degree, and applicants must normally be within 7 years of the awarding of the degree.

September 15

Library of Congress Rockefeller Fellows in Islamic Studies program. These residential, postdoctoral fellowships support research on globalization and Muslim societies in the humanities (especially language—both modern and classical, linguistics, literature, history, jurisprudence, philosophy, archaeology, comparative religions, ethics, and history, criticism, and theory of the arts) using the resources of the Library of Congress. Particularly welcome are creative, historical, and cross-disciplinary studies that develop and explore how Muslim societies are shaping their responses to global trends. The program is open to scholars worldwide who hold the Ph.D. degree. Appointments are from 5 to 10 months in duration, supported by a grant of $3,500 per month.

October 1

The Henry Alfred Kissinger Chair in Foreign Policy and International Relations was established at the Library of Congress by friends and admirers of the former Secretary of State. The Kissinger Chair is a distinguished senior research position, in residence at the Library of Congress for a period of 9 months to one year. Supported by a grant of $135,000, the Kissinger scholar is engaged in research related to American foreign policy, that will lead to publication. Eligibility criteria include the Ph.D. or equivalent terminal degree and a substantial record of scholarly activity.

November 1

Library of Congress International Fellows-Mellon Program is a residential, postdoctoral fellowship supporting research in the non-English language collections of the Library of Congress. Fellowships are funded at $3,500 per month, for 4 - 9 months duration and are administered by the American Council of Learned Societies and the Library of Congress. Fellowships supported by the Mellon Foundation and Association of American Universities focus on Area Studies collections with no topical restrictions. Eligibility criteria for all fellowships include American citizenship or permanent residence status, and the Ph.D. degree. Applicants must be within 7 years of the awarding of the degree.

Library of Congress International Fellows-Luce Program is a residential, post-doctoral fellowship supporting research focused on the East and Southeast Asian regions and languages. Fellowships supported by the Luce Foundation are funded at $3,500 per month, for 4 - 9 months duration and are administered by Library of Congress and the American Council of Learned Societies. Eligibility criteria for all fellowships include American citizenship or permanent residence status, and the Ph.D. degree. Applicants must be within 7 years of the awarding of the degree.

Application materials. Kluge Fellows, Kissinger Chair, LC International Fellows, and Rockefeller Fellows application materials include an application form, curriculum vitae, research proposal (maximum 3 typewritten pages), summary of research proposal (single page), and 3 letters of reference.

General conditions

Minimum eligibility requirements must be met by the program’s deadline date. For Kluge Fellows, Kissinger Chair, LC International Fellows, and Rockefeller Fellows, the residential period must be completed by the end of August of the year following the one in which the grant is approved (e.g., for grants approved by March 2003, residential period at the Library of Congress must be completed by August 2004).

Contact information. General: Office of Scholarly Programs, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave., S.E., Washington, D.C. 20540-4860; phone: (202) 707-3302; fax: (202) 707-3595; email: scholarly@loc.gov. Web: <www.loc.gov/kluge>. Additional information for LC International Fellows (Mellon and Luce) may be obtained from the American Council of Learned Societies, Office of Fellowships and Grants, 228 East 45th Street, New York, NY 10017‑3398; fax: (212) 949‑8058; email: grants@acls.org. Web: <www.acls.org>.

Research Institute on Cities and Public Spaces in Comparative Cultural Contexts

A research institute for community college faculty will commence at the Library on June 3, 2002, and will continue throughout the year, concluding in June 2003. Sponsored by the Community College Humanities Association in collaboration with the Library’s Office of Scholarly Programs, and funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities, the seminar is seen as a major research opportunity for community college faculty. It will enable participants to undertake guided interdisciplinary research at the Library on individually proposed topics within the general subject area of Cities and Public Spaces in Comparative Cultural Context. Participants will also attend seminars conducted by a succession of visiting senior scholars on case studies and theoretical issues in current research on cities and urbanism, in a variety of cultural and historical contexts. The senior lecturers include Thomas Bender, Christine Boyer, Manuel Castells, Joseph Esherick, Anthony Grafton, Henry Millon, Clement Price, Bryan Roberts, and Diane Singerman. The combined summer/academic year format of periodic sessions is designed to allow for substantial time to undertake sustained work on an individual research project.

Conference and Research Institute Planned for 2003

The topic of “Seascapes, Littoral Cultures, and Trans-Oceanic Exchanges” will be the subject of a planned three day conference to be held at the Library February 13-15, 2003, made possible by the Ford Foundation. Organized by the American Historical Association, the World History Association, the Middle east Studies Association, the African Studies Association, the Latin American Studies Association, the Conference on Latin American History, the Association for Asian Studies, the Institute of European Studies at Columbia University, the Community College Humanities Association, and the Library of Congress, this conference aims to examine the role of oceans and sea basins as highways of exchange between world areas as well as social and cultural sites in their own right. In addition to the planned conference, a 4-week research institute for community college faculty will be held in July 2003.

CATALOGING DIRECTORATE

Judith A. Mansfield was appointed acting director for cataloging, effective September 16, 2002.

Arrearage Reduction Efforts see also Rare Book Cataloging

78 rpm Sound Recordings Cataloging Project. The Music and Sound Recordings III Team processed 5,429 discs during fiscal year 2002. This includes both album sets (15) and singles (5,414). MSR II cleared 11,338 discs (mostly 78 rpm discs) in Fiscal 2002.

American or Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) Project. AFRTS (known variously as the American or Armed Forces Radio and Television Service), the broadcasting service of the Department of Defense, has been providing radio broadcasts to military personnel since the 1940s. Until the mid-1990s, commercial and AFRTS-produced shows were provided to member stations on 33 1/3 rpm discs on a weekly basis. They range from informational shows to religious programming to popular shows such as the Charlie Tuna show. As archival materials, many of these recordings are unique, and few other copies are likely to exist. This project aims to catalog over 100,000 discs which are not yet represented in the ILS. Planning began in November 2001, and processing in March 2002.

Processing this collection has required close cooperation between the Special Materials Cataloging Division (SMCD) and the Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division (MBRS). Creative methods are being used to catalog discs which were created for use by broadcasters, not for library use: individual shows were often pressed in parts on more than one disc to facilitate handling by DJs, and more than one show might occupy a single disc. This makes the physical processing more complicated. Two kinds of records are being created; a modified collection level format is being used for some shows, and individual records are being created for each iteration of others. Between March and December of 2002, over 65,000 discs were processed by full and part time, temporary college-age staff. We anticipate the bulk of the collection will be processed by the end of summer 2003.

A-Z Cassettes Project: MSRIII processed 3,789 Copyright cassettes in Cuadra Star and Voyager. Beginning in February, the cassettes were processed in the ILS as brief records.

CDRs. CDRs are compact discs-recordable. MSRIII processed 4,349 discs as brief records with 4,153 records created for new works and 196 discs processed as duplicates. Classical CDRs represent a minute quantity of the thousands of CDs we process, but need to be mentioned here as the first CDs in our workflow for which catalogers create original, core-level records. Because these are the sound recording equivalent of manuscripts, copy does not exist on the utilities. Some of these recordings represent the only recordings of works otherwise missing from the LC catalog, which justifies providing the authoritative access furnished by a core bibliographic record.

CDs workflow. The MSR III Team processed 33,869 discs during Fiscal 2002 by using the resources of the MUZE and Voyager databases. The IBC records are then sent to OCLC to be processed through RetroCon Batch and MARS; to date 37,271 records were sent to OCLC for processing with 13,494 returned as exact matches and 5,436 returned as “maybe” matches, for a total return of copy cataloging for the CDs workflow o fmore than 50 percent.

National Public Radio (NPR). The MSR III Team cleared a total of 8,779 reel-to-reel tapes from the National Public Radio collection during Fiscal 2002.

Bibliographic Enrichment Advisory Team (BEAT) (see also Electronic Resources Cataloging)

The Bibliographic Enrichment Advisory Team (BEAT) celebrated its 10^th anniversary in November. BEAT is a Cataloging Directorate initiative aimed at developing tools to aid catalogers, reference specialists, and searchers in creating and locating information. Major components of the team’s work are enriching the content of Library of Congress bibliographic records, improving access to the data the records contain, and conducting research and development in areas that can contribute to furthering these efforts. The team’s membership represents a wide spectrum of the Library's functions reflecting the Cataloging Directorate's desire to provide benefits from its projects to as wide an audience as possible and to incorporate within its program objectives the needs and interests of various constituencies beyond those of technical services. Additional information regarding BEAT and its work may be found at <http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/beat>

Questions about BEAT or its projects may be directed to the BEAT Chair, John D. Byrum, Jr., Chief Regional and Cooperative Cataloging Division, Library of Congress, at jbyr@loc.gov

From among the more than two dozen ongoing activities of the team at the present time, here are presented six projects demonstrating how BEAT reaches the objectives discussed above.

ONIX TOC. ONIX (Online Information eXchange) is a means of representing book industry product information and is being used by some publishers today to communicate that data electronically. The Library receives this data directly, and with programming developed by a BEAT team member, the project creates Table of Contents (TOC) records that the Library makes available on the Web. Hyper‑links are made from this TOC data to the catalog record, and the reverse, thus allowing researchers to move from or to the Library's online catalog where they can make additional searches for related or other material. To date the project has created about 31,000 ONIX TOC records.

ONIX Descriptions. An outgrowth of the ONIX TOC initiative is the creation of records that contain publisher''s descriptions of books. Based on ONIX encoded materials, file creation and linking is similar to that of the ONIX TOC initiative above, and the project has created approximately 27,500 such records, although links are currently made from the catalog record only in an ongoing fashion. Readers will find a sample at. <http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/beat/onix.descriptions.sample.html>

Questions regarding BEAT's ONIX initiatives may be sent to David W. Williamson, project chair, at dawi@loc.gov

Digital Tables of Contents. The Digital Tables of Contents project creates machine readable Table of Contents (TOC) data from TOC surrogates and these materials are subsequently HTML‑encoded and placed on a server at the Library. The process cross‑links the TOC to underlying catalog records. Both the catalog records themselves and the linked TOC data may be viewed through a Web browser by accessing the Library's online catalog access options. Almost 11,000 TOCs have been created and linked in this project, and more than 1,000, 000 hits have been recorded on the TOC files section of the Cataloging Directorate Web pages. For information regarding the Digital Tables of Contents project readers may contact Bruce Knarr, project chair at bkna@loc.gov

A cybercast from January 2002 prepared as part of the LC staff Digital‑Future‑and‑You series, containing information relating to all the TOC initiatives may be viewed online at <http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/beat/eTOC/jan30‑eTOC.html>

BECites+. BECITES+ ((Bibliographies plus: Enhanced Citations with Indexes, Tables of contents, Electronic resources and Sources cited) enhances staff‑produced bibliographies, and the catalog records for the titles included in such bibliographies, by linking to tables of contents, indexes, and sources cited. It uses scanning and OCR to substantially enrich traditional printed bibliographies. Links in the catalog records are made for each type of data file created for the work in question as well as between all the related files for any work for which a Web file is included.

Completed works within this project include guides on business history, Thomas Jefferson, and materials on Immigrant Arrivals to the United States. A number of additional works are in progress, covering guides to film collections and manuscripts from monasteries on Mount Athos, additional resources on business, and a guide to Ladino publications in the Library of Congress. Another recent initiative has been the scanning and conversion to text of heavily used, but out‑of‑print guides to Library collections whose individual items are not easily identified in the Library''s online catalog. Information concerning the titles in the project are available online, and further details about the project as well as a full list of completed bibliographies and other work in progress can be found at <http://www.loc.gov/rr/business/guide/>

Web Access To Publications in Series. Many social science series of the “working paper/discussion paper” type are now available in electronic form. The focus of this project is to identify those that are available in electronic form and add the URLs to the LC records for these series. By linking to these electronic versions, LC can provide a more timely, comprehensive, and cost effective access to these series. A corollary to this project has been the identification of numerous high research value monographic series that have not been represented in LC’s catalogs. These projects create added value by leading researchers via these links to significant information resources that offer full-text and/or abstracts for many of the titles in these series. So far, these efforts have provided access to the full, electronic texts of more than 15,000 individual monographs As a further enhancement, a pilot project has been launched to create electronic resource records for the individual monographs of selected series. A number of links to examples and further description of this project can be found on the BEAT web page at http://www.loc.gov/catdir/beat/beat.html.

Questions about this project may be directed to project chair, Gabriel Horchler, ghor@loc.gov

Web Access to Works in the Public Domain. BEAT has launched an initiative to link LC bibliographic records to full text electronic copies of these same cataloged materials residing in collections of other institutions. Though these works, all in the public domain, have been digitized by various institutions, many of the original printed works are also in the collections of the Library of Congress. By linking LC catalog records to these electronic versions the Library expects to provide users with more unified and centralized access to materials of this nature as well as provide users of the LC collections or of LC catalog data rich and substantive information about the contents of these works as well as access to their texts. The first links to resources come through cooperative agreements with the University of Michigan (for materials digitized in its Making of America project, described at http://moa.umdl.umich.edu/ and Indiana University (works comprising its Wright American Fiction, 1851‑1875 project), described at <http://www.letrs.indiana.edu/web/w/wright2/>.

In order for records to qualify for enhancement in these projects, the electronic versions have to be an exact version of a print version represented in the Library''s collection, as established by the presence of an Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN) for the electronic version that matches the LCCN for the print version. For the University of Michigan materials, it proved possible to enhance 1,267 LC bibliographic records, and for the Indiana University project 653 LC bibliographic records were linked to the online versions. Further description of the project is available on the BEAT web page, through access to the Michigan and Indiana sites noted in the first paragraph above and a sample is available by clicking on the hot link in the example at <http://www.loc.gov/catdir/beat/sample.pubdomain.html>

The Library is interested in joining with other trusted partners in linking printed and digitized texts. Prospective partners are invited to contact BEAT chair, John D. Byrum, at jbyr@loc.gov

Cataloging in Publication (CIP)

In order to encourage electronic submission of CIP galleys during the Library’s embargo of U.S. Postal Service mail after anthrax was detected on Capitol Hill last fall, the CIP Division eased the requirements for participation in ECIP, Electronic Cataloging in Publication. The number of publishers participating in ECIP more than doubled, from 1,066 in fiscal 2001 to 2,222 at the end of fiscal 2002. More than a third of all CIP galleys–-18,082 out of 53,733 galleys in all--were submitted electronically in fiscal 2002, making ECIP cataloging one of the directorate’s principal workflows.

Cataloging Policy

AACR2 2002 Revision. The Library of Congress implemented the 2002 revision of the 2nd edition of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules on December 1, 2002. Revised Library of Congress Rule Interpretations were published and are available in Cataloger's Desktop or as printed copies. A summary of significant changes that will be seen in LC's bibliographic and authority records is posted on the CPSO public Website.

LCSH. Two long-term projects involving Library of Congress Subject Headings were completed. Authority records to control the more than 3,200 free-floating subdivisions in the LCSH have now been created and distributed to subscribers. The records represent topical, form, and chronological subdivisions that can be combined with main headings according to rules to create precoordinated subject heading strings in cataloging records. The records provide subdivision usage information for catalogers and are used by cataloging systems, such as LC's ILS, to validate assigned subject headings. Plans call for including information on free-floating subdivisions from the records in an expanded introduction to the next printed edition of LCSH. Since 1999, information on the form of geographic subdivision has been included in all newly established or revised geographic subject headings that are also authorized for use as subdivisions. The project to add this data retrospectively to approximately 20,000 existing geographic subject headings was completed at the end of the year.

LC Classification. LC implemented subclass KBP, Islamic Law on January 20, 2003. Subclass KBP is the most recent of the religious law schedules to be added to the forthcoming hard copy publication of KB subclasses: KB (Comparative religious law), KBM (Jewish law), KBP (Islamic law), KBR/KBU (Canon law).

The P schedules in Classification Web have now been reconfigured so that they work properly with the enhanced and hierarchy browsers. Use either the standard, enhanced, or hierarchy browsers with class P and all of its subclasses, as well as with all of the other LC classes.

Cooperative Cataloging Initiatives - see Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) Activities

Decimal Classification (Dewey)

OCLC Forest Press will not be sponsoring a Dewey breakfast/update at this Midwinter Meeting.

Dennis McGovern continues as acting chief of Dewey until the chief’s position can be filled.

Electronic Resources Cataloging

Beacher Wiggins, acting associate librarian for Library Services, will chair the third Conference 2000 Action Plan Forum on Sunday, January 26, 10:00 am-12:00 pm, Pennsylvania Convention Center-Room 102A. The Forum will provide an update on progress in carrying out the 29 work items in “Bibliographic Control of Web Resources: A Library of Congress Action Plan.” This Plan stems directly from recommendations made during the Library's Bicentennial Conference on Bibliographic Control for the New Millennium, November 15-17, 2000. The plan can be viewed on the Conference Website at <http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/bibcontrol/conference.html>.

LCPAIG Home Page. The Library of Congress Portals Applications Issues Group (LCPAIG) was formed in autumn 2002 to search for portal products that would best meet the reference and research needs of LC staff and users and to promote the Bibliographic Control of Web Resources: A Library of Congress Action Plan work item 2.1 calling for development and enhancement of portal functionality for the benefit of the library community in general. To help support this group's dual purposes, the LCPAIG Web Home Page was constructed. The URL for this resource is:<http://www.loc.gov/catdir/lcpaig/paig.html>.

Mention on this page and linking to portal products and their creators or vendors does not constitute an endorsement by the Library of Congress of any of the products, and are given on this Web page as a convenient nexus for anyone trying to find out more about them. The LCPAIG welcomes comments on the content of its Home Page as well as suggestions for its further development. Please direct your suggestions to Gary Huggens, automation operations coordinator, Social Sciences Cataloging Division, at:<ghug@loc.gov>.

Digital Resources Traffic Manager. The Computer Files & Management Team has been working with Information Technology Services (ITS) to develop an online workflow system to assist with the processing of digital resources. This digital resources traffic manager’s design is based on the Electronic Cataloging In Publication (ECIP) Traffic Manger System. ITS has promised delivery by the end of January.

American Memory cataloging. The Computer Files and Microforms Team cataloged twenty National Digital Library American Memory sites in Fiscal 2002: America Singing: Nineteenth‑Century Song Sheets; Background Papers and Technical Information: Building Digital Collections at the Library of Congress; The Church in the Southern Black Community, 1780‑1925; Dayton C. Miller Flute Collection; Emile Berliner and the Birth of the Recording Industry; Fifty Years of Coca‑Cola Television Advertisements; The First American West : The Ohio River Valley, 1750‑1820; History of the American West, 1860‑1920; Inside an American Factory : Films of the Westinghouse Works, 1904; The Last Days of a President : Films of McKinley and the Pan‑American Exposition, 1901; The Life of a City: Early Films of New York, 1898‑1906; Reclaiming the Everglades: South Florida's Natural History, 1884‑1934; Slaves and the Courts, 1740‑1860; Sunday School Books: Shaping the Values of Youth in Nineteenth‑Century America; Theodore Roosevelt: His Life and Times on Film; Trails to Utah and the Pacific: Diaries and Letters, 1846‑1869; Votes for Women: Selections from the National American Woman Suffrage Association Collection, 1848‑1921; We'll Sing to Abe Our Song! : Sheet Music about Lincoln, Emancipation, and the Civil War; Westward by Sea: A Maritime Perspective on American Expansion, 1820‑1890; Working in Paterson : Occupational Heritage in an Urban Setting.

In January a detailee to CPSO started to work systematically on updating book records for titles from the general collections, law, and rare book collections that have been digitized as part of American Memory and associated programs, (e.g., International Horizons, Meeting of the Frontiers). There is now a dual track approach to cataloging of digitized collections: one retrospective collection (i.e., already digitized and available) and one “in process” collection (not yet released in digital form); then we have a number of other retrospective collections to address (perhaps 2,000 individual titles).

Electronic Resources Cataloging Expansion Pilot Initiative. In a pilot training project to train senior catalogers in each of the four print monograph cataloging divisions to catalog electronic resources, four catalogers were detailed to the Computer Files and Microforms Team for 120 days each. Training for the cataloging of remote-access digital resources at the core level was easily achieved using the OCLC Web-based educational course, Cataloging Internet Resources Using MARC 21 and AACR2. A cataloger with excellent descriptive cataloging skills can typically become independent in about three weeks after completing the course and working under the review of a senior cataloger with electronic resources expertise. Learning to catalog direct-access digital resources, such as CD-ROMs, is much harder and requires more training, and for this reason the detailed catalogers were trained to do minimal level cataloging rather than core level for direct-access resources.

National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections (NUCMC)

NUCMC staff produced 3,790 RLIN bibliographic records describing collections held by repositories located in Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Illinois, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington (State), West Virginia, and Wyoming.

In addition to local, regional, and state historical societies, the NUCMC Team produced cataloging for a variety of special focus repositories. Special topics addressed during the reporting period included African Americans (Arkansas Baptist College, Benedict College, B owie State University, Claflin College Archives, Clinton Junior College, Delaware State University, Fayetteville State University, Harris-Stowe State College, Lewis College of Business, Lincoln University, Morgan State University, Paul Quinn College, Southwestern Christian College, and University of Maryland, Eastern Shore), ethnicity and gender (Frankenmuth Historical Association and Museum of Women’s History (Billings)), folklife and oral history (Maine Folklife Center), maritime history (Nantucket Historical Association and New Bedford Whaling Museum/Kendall Institute), municipal archives (Butte-Silver Bow Public Archives, Municipal Archives and Records Center (Manchester, N.H.), and Seattle Municipal Archives), national parks (Boston National Historic Park, General Grant National Memorial, Gettysburg National Military Park, Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site, and Harpers Ferry National Historic Site), performing arts (Boston University Dept. of Special Collections and Chicago Symphony Orchestra), religious archives (Congregational, Jewish, and Presbyterian), state archives (Montana, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Wyoming), and U.S. presidents (Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center).

Website. The NUCMC Website continued to earn high marks from the public and the archival and manuscript community. A reorganized, simplified home page now includes answers to frequently asked questions concerning the NUCMC program in general and searching the gateways in particular. In a move to better utilize staff resources, the team removed all pages and links to Archives and Manuscript Repositories in the United States and substituted a link for the Archives and Manuscript Repositories of Primary Sources site maintained by Terry Abraham at the University of Idaho. The Web counter recorded 65,077 hits for fiscal 2002. NUCMC continued to receive praise for its provision of the gateways providing free searches in the RLG AMC file and the OCLC Mixed Materials file. Fiscal year searches on the RLG gateway totaled 118,920; searches during the same period on the OCLC gateway totaled 38,446.

Montana Union List Project (MULP). Accessions were received from Cascade County Historical Society Archives, Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site, Montana Historical Society, and the University of Montana–Missoula. At the end of the fiscal year, NUCMC had received a total of 4082 accessions of cataloging data since the project’s inception. Of that number, 2925 (71.6percent) had been converted to full records in RLIN; 867 (21.2percent) are represented by preliminary RLIN records; and 290 (7.1percent) await some level of cataloging.

Cooperative H(istorically Black Colleges and Universities) Archival Survey Project (CHASP). To date 156 collections were cataloged from seventeen repositories: Allen University, Arkansas Baptist College, Barber-Scotia College, Benedict College, Bennett College, Bowie State University, Claflin College Archives, Clinton Junior College, Delaware State University, Fayetteville State University, Harris-Stowe State College, Lewis College of Business, Lincoln University, Morgan State University, Paul Quinn College, Southwestern Christian College, and University of Maryland, Eastern Shore.

Labeling

The Cataloging and Preservation directorates are collaborating to routinize all hardcover labeling in the Cataloging Directorate in fiscal 2003. Labeling of hardbound books has been conducted in the Cataloging Directorate since March 2001, using staff detailed from the Binding and Collections Care Division, who work fulltime on labeling. A new position description for a GS-7 labeling technician in the Cataloging Directorate has been written, incorporating other duties to support the GS-7 grade level. Bargaining with the Union is expected this spring. In the first phase of the move to Cataloging, labeling will be performed at a shared labeling workstation; later, individuals may perform labeling at their own general-purpose workstations. Labeling in the Cataloging Directorate permits call number errors to be spotted earlier in the workstream and eliminates the need to return errors from BCCD to Cataloging.

Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) Activities

PCC members created 162,363 new name authorities in fiscal 2002, an increase of 13 percent over fiscal 2001; 10,044 new series authorities, an increase of 6.74 percent; 3,165 subject authorities, an increase of 20percent; and 2,551 LC classification proposals, an increase of 24percent. Original serial cataloging from CONSER totaled 30,160 records, in contrast to the 14,445 produced in Fiscal 2001, and BIBCO members created 82,014 monograph bibliographic records, an increase of 12.17 percent over Fiscal 2001.

PCC Policy Committee (PoCo). At the annual PoCo meeting held in November 2002, Robert Wolven, Chair (Columbia University) summarized the meeting by noting that the PCC had reached a watershed. The original goals of the program have been accomplished and instead of continuing to focus on rapid expansion and rethinking of standards, the PCC is now concentrating on strengthening the underpinnings of the program and building for the future: broadening coverage of needed records; improving training for all catalogers; adapting standards to meet changing needs. This shift in perspective will allow the PCC to sustain the program’s successes while infusing new vitality into its actions. As a result, the PCC Strategic and Tactical plans were streamlined and restructured. The creation of several new task groups and studies was approved including a task group charged with assessing the current coverage of PCC cataloging and another with assessing what research and methodologies are available to conduct a survey of the use of PCC records by users. Other task groups to be formed included a CONSER task group to review the CONSER membership process and current levels of membership and a SACO task group to investigate the possibility of a formal SACO program by determining parameters for minimal contributions, the effects on PCC governance, distribution and cost-effectiveness issues. A study to develop a cost-per-BIBCO record with the end goal of determining if it is necessary to institute numerical requirements for membership as has been done with NACO was approved. In other business, the PoCo elected Carlen Ruschoff (University of Maryland) to the office of Vice-Chair of the PCC.

Standing Committee on Automation (SCA). A Series Numbering Task Group examined the conditions that prevent series headings from being arranged by automated systems in numerical order and identified several approaches for the better arrangement of series headings beyond any provided by standard system normalization. The SCA will take the lead role for action item 4.1 under the LC's Action Plan, Bibliographic Control of Web Resources. Among other tasks the TG is to develop specifications for the creation and maintenance of records for titles contained in aggregator packages to enable vendors to produce high‑quality bibliographic data and accurate information. A new Task Group on Serials Displays has been charged to examine how ILS's make use of linking entry fields in records for serials and other resources and to develop criteria for assessing their effectiveness and functionality.

Standing Committee on Standards (SCS). A major accomplishment of the SCS was the streamlining, integration, and reformatting of the BIBCO Core Record Standards. This new format is expected to facilitate use of the cores and clarify any ambiguities. The SCS reported to the PoCo that at this time the SCS defers the acceptance of non-AACR2 or non-standardized cataloging accepted into the mix of records cataloged as PCC. However, SCS will continue to monitor the growth, development, and use of metadata and other cataloging schemes. The SCS Task Group on the Function of the Authority File has been grappling with the issues in its charge, especially “the need to articulate the differences between shared authority data and data appropriate for local authority files” and asked for an extension of the June 1, 2002 deadline; however, a draft final report is expected at ALA Midwinter.

Standing Committee on Training (SCT). A major achievement of the SCT was acceptance from the PoCo that training and documentation developed by PCC task groups, etc. should not be restricted solely to presentation for prospective PCC candidates but may (and should) be used to provide training to catalogers-at-large. This follows the SCCTP model developed by CONSER and place the PCC and especially the SCT in a leadership role in the development of training and training documentation, especially in the area of authority records. The test case for the PCC’s expanded arena of responsibility is the SCT/SAC effort to develop training materials on the use of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). The course content has been developed in draft form and is expected to be tested at the ALA Annual Conference 2003. The PCC Steering Committee and the Executive Director of ALCTS have agreed, in principle, to sharing the ownership and distribution of the content which sets the stage for further collaboration. Other joint efforts include the SCT/SCS commissioned workshop on integrating resources developed by Steven Miller (University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee). The preliminary session was well‑received and more in‑depth training has been developed under the auspices of the SCCTP and will become available as part of that curriculum. Now that the BIBCO Participants' Manual has been published a new section on the cataloging of Integrating Resources is being prepared by a task group chaired by Diane Boehr and Alice Jacobs of the National Library of Medicine. The SCT will be reviewing portions of that documentation at ALA Midwinter. An ALCTS Task Force on Continuing Education for Catalogers (LC Action Plan Item 5.3) headed by the former chair of the SCT will continue to report on the progress of this effort to the SCT. A Joint Task Group on International Participation in the PCC under the SCT and the SCS has been formed. Its charge is to outline benefits to both current and potential international PCC participants; identify training and post-training problems for international participants and to identify impediments to broader international participation.

BIBCO. The BIBCO Participants’ Manual was finalized by Carol Hixson (University of Oregon) in August and was immediately made available in PDF format to BIBCO catalogers and trainers. As of December 2002 the BPM is also available on Cataloger’s Desktop. To prepare for implementation of new rules in AACR2, CONSER and BIBCO developed a training workshop for cataloging integrating resources that will be made available to the library community at large as part of the CONSER’s SCCTP initiative in March 2003. A one-day Train-the-Integrating-Resources-Trainer (TTIRT) workshop will be presented at ALA Midwinter Conference and in February at the University of Washington in Seattle. This workshop was tested by catalogers at the University of California, Los Angeles and feedback from that field test and from the TTIRT workshops will be used to refine the materials. An impact of the new NACO parameters on BIBCO participation resulted in the loss of one library from the membership; however, Ohio State University Library is scheduled for BIBCO training in February, 2003, which will keep the total number of BIBCO libraries at 46.

CONSER. The 2002 amendments to the AACR were implemented on December 1and CONSER institutions held internal training sessions with the help of CONSER documentation and training aids. The new edition of the CONSER Cataloging Manual was issued during the fall and is expected to be available on Cataloger’s Desktop with the first update of 2003. CONSER’s treatment of journals in aggregations was a major focus of activity. In August, the library community was surveyed on the suggestion to use a single record for all aggregations of a journal. Respondents overwhelmingly favored a single and simplified record that could be used by libraries, serials management companies, and aggregators to produce record sets. CONSER subsequently developed a comprehensive plan that includes database cleanup, inclusion of more ISSN, providing more records, and cooperative partnerships with serials management companies. Discussions will take place at ALA and work will begin in 2003.

The CONSER Publication Pattern Initiative added new members and established new working groups to address a variety of issues, including a universal holdings record, the relationship between electronic journals and patterns, and the possibility of an OCLC notification service for patterns.

The Serials Cataloging Cooperative Training Program released the new Advanced Serials Cataloging Workshop and a major revision to the Basic Serials Cataloging Workshop, both of which include the new AACR2 rules. Work also progressed on an Integrating Resources Cataloging Workshop for release in the spring of 2003.

NACO. In Fiscal 2002 NACO expanded with the training of seventeen new NACO libraries, the retraining of eleven libraries, and the creation of three new funnel projects (Mississippi Project, Mountain West Project, and the Minnesota Funnel Project) that collectively added twenty‑seven new member institutions. There are now a total number of 223 libraries participating in 19 NACO funnel projects. Several studies measured the cost‑benefits of NACO and the reduced LC expenditures resulting from more documentation being freely available to participants on the PCC Website. In order to manage the growth of NACO the PoCo approved numerical goals (100 new and/or updated records for small libraries; 200 new and/or updated records for large libraries). Also approved was the need for a designated “back-up” NACO contact at each institution to assure continuity. The Secretariat issued letters to institutions whose annual production has fallen under the new quotas. The letters stated that the new parameters are being applied to current members and offered alternatives for continued participation. NACO institutions have one year in which to comply with the new regulations. In other developments, Judy Kuhagen, CPSO updated the series training materials to reflect the new AACR2 revisions and a website for the electronic delivery of these materials to training sites was developed as well as a the counterpart site for trainers.

INTCO. International membership in the PCC reached a new high. Forty‑three institutions outside the United States, working individually or in funnel projects, contributed a total of 30,206 new name authority records (18.6percent of total PCC production) and 955 new subject authority records (30.2percent). A PCC Joint SCT/SCS Task Group on International Participation in the PCC has been formed, with representatives from Great Britain, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, and South America.

SACO. SACO, the component of the PCC for subject authority work, profited from accelerated handling of LCSH subject proposals. The major innovation was making interactive subject proposal forms available on the PCC Website. This year contributions to LCSH from PCC libraries exceed the number of subject headings developed by LC staff. The growth of SACO participation prompted the PoCo to approve the formation of a task group to draft membership criteria and to examine the impact of folding the SACO Program into a structured component of the PCC. Currently, SACO members are not represented on the PoCo nor is there a training curriculum to mirror the NACO/CONSER/BIBCO components. SACO plays an essential role in the PCC and it is time to examine and analyze a mechanism to further develop its potential.

Rare Book Cataloging

In fiscal 2002 the Rare Book Team cleared 16,639 items, including 14,833 for the Rare Book and Special Collections Division, 940 for the Law Library, 244 for the Prints and Photographs Division, 2 for the Music Division, 13 for the Manuscript Division, 11 for the African and Middle Eastern Division, and 596 for the general collection.

Completed work includes: Shapiro Bruce Rogers ephemera cataloging and end-stage processing (ca. 2,950 items; Bruce Rogers was a 20^th-century American type and book designer; Solomon Shapiro, a collector of Rogers’ work); Lincoln cataloging (ca. 150 items; materials from Abraham Lincoln’s descendants, many with his provenance); Bitting gastronomy ephemera cataloging (208 items; Katherine Golden Bitting was a food chemist for the Dept. of Agriculture at the turn of the century); Batchelder theatre programs cataloging (61 items; John Davis Batchelder was a collector of books, manuscripts, and artifacts of Western culture); Pforzheimer Bruce Rogers surplus added copies cataloging (612 items; same Bruce Rogers as above; this collection actually owned/formed by Rogers and later purchased by Carl Howard Pforzheimer); 18^th-century Russian decrees cataloging and end-stage processing (ca. 284 items in the Law Library); Heyl and Minz theatre programs cataloging (78 and 55 items respectively); Pforzheimer unanalyzed titles inventory (1053 items); Shapiro Bruce Rogers books end-stage processing (ca. 150 items); Roman law bound-withs end-stage processing (ca. 60 items).

Recruitment

The Cataloging Directorate was authorized to hire 44 new catalogers (including a cooperative cataloger) and decimal classifiers in fiscal 2002. Because of delays in the posting process, only seven positions were actually announced by September 30. Nearly all the vacancies have now been announced and most have closed. Only two selections have been announced, both in the Law Team, Social Sciences Cataloging Division, but others are expected to be announced soon. Postings for the Religion, Philosophy, and Psychology Team, SSCD; for two decimal classifiers; and for three music and sound recording catalogers remained open or were expected to be reposted as of Jan. 21, 2003. Interested potential applicants should check the USAJOBS Website or “Current Job Opportunities” on the LC Website frequently, as postings usually have short deadlines.

Cataloging (Books and Serials) Production

Fiscal 2002 Fiscal 2001

LC Full/Core-Level Cataloging 199,586 176,636

Copy Cataloging 49,576 31,652

Minimal-Level Cataloging 38,328 23,204

Collection-Level Cataloging 4,259 4,073

TOTAL records created 291,749 235,565

TOTAL volumes cataloged 310,235 270,801

Authority Records

Names 88,475 91,880

Series 8,909 8,279

Subjects 7,365 6,933

TOTAL 104,749 107,092

For more information contact: Judith A. Mansfield, Acting Director for Cataloging, Library of Congress, LM 642, Washington, DC 20540-4300 (telephone: 202-707-5333 or Internet: juma@loc.gov).

NATIONAL SERVICES DIRECTORATE

Cataloging Distribution Service

CDS will have staff available at the Library’s exhibit booth (#1249) to demonstrate and discuss its cataloging products and services.

Classification Web. CDS will give demonstrations of Classification Web, a new fee-based service offering Web-based access to LC Classification (LCC) and LC Subject Headings (LCSH). CDS released the new service in June 2002. The service has been a remarkable success. A 30-minute presentation and demonstration of Class Web will take place in the LC exhibit booth theater at 12:00 P.M. daily. Continuous demonstrations of Class Web will be conducted throughout the day at the booth.

Cataloger’s Desktop. CDS will also demonstrate Cataloger’s Desktop (CD-ROM) throughout the day at the booth. CDS has updated Cataloger’s Desktop with the 2002 revision of AACR2 and with updated versions of related LC publications such as Library of Congress Rule Interpretations.

Issue 4 for 2002 of Cataloger’s Desktop and its companion product Classification Plus was shipped to customers in mid-November 2002. This was the final issue of Classification Plus (CD-ROM). Classification Plus has been replaced by Classification Web. CDS has been working with Class Plus customers to transition their subscriptions to Class Web. Cataloger’s Desktop will continue on CD-ROM for the foreseeable future. A Web version is planned for 2003/2004.

New CDS Publications. A completely new edition of the CONSER Cataloging Manual (2002 edition) was published in November 2002. Changes reflect the 2002 revision of AACR2. Also featured will be new editions of two, popular LC training manuals: Cataloging Concepts (2002 edition) and MARC Content Designation (2002 edition).

CDS has recently published four new or updated SCCTP training courses. SCCTP is the Serials Cataloging Cooperative Training Program, which operates under the auspices of the CONSER program. Training manuals for the following courses were introduced by CDS in PDF format during 2002: Serial Holdings Workshop (2002), Electronic Serials Workshop (2002), Basic Serials Cataloging Workshop (2002), and Advanced Serials Cataloging Workshop (2002). Basic Serials was previously published in paper format. All of the SCCTP courses are now published in PDF format for ease of updating and timeliness of delivery to customers. Prices and order information are available on the CDS Website (www.loc.gov/cds).

Center for the Book

Established by law in October 1977, the Center for the Book is 25 years old. The Center uses the resources and prestige of the Library of Congress to promote books, reading, libraries, and literacy through a network of affiliated centers in 50 states (Rhode Island, Delaware, and New Hampshire are the newest state center affiliates)and the District of Columbia; a reading promotion partners program that includes more than 90 national educational and civic organizations; and partnerships with academic, research, and professional organizations---nationally and internationally. The Center’s program, publications and projects are supported by tax-deductible donations from individuals, corporations, foundations, and by funds transferred from other government agencies.

The Center for the Book’s Website at <www.loc.gov/cfbook/> provides information about its projects, forthcoming events at the Library of Congress, state center affiliates and their programs, organizational partners, and book fairs, storytelling festivals and other literary events taking place across the U.S.A. and around the world, and “one book” reading promotion projects.

Major Center for the Book projects and themes are:

Telling America’s Stories: the Library of Congress’s national reading promotion campaign for 2001-2003 emphasizes how stories connect people to the world of books and reading. First Lady Laura Bush is Honorary Chair.

Letters About Literature: a popular, annual essay contest that asks students to write to their favorite authors explaining why that author’s book made a difference in their lives.

Viburnum Family Literacy Project: cosponsored with Viburnum Foundation, a program that promotes family literacy projects among rural public libraries and their community partners.

Books & Beyond: talks at the Library of Congress by authors of recently-published books relevant to the Library’s collections and mission.

Mother Goose Asks “Why?”: a family science and literature project developed by the Vermont Center for the Book that includes nine other state centers.

River of Words: an international environmental poetry and art contest for young people designed to increase awareness and understanding of the natural world.

Read More About It!, brief reading lists for adults and young people about topics presented on television, in exhibitions, and as digitized collections.

Literary Heritage USA: educational projects such as literary maps, literary landmarks, and author data bases that recognize and celebrate America’s literary heritage.

Promoting Literacy: projects that promote literacy for all age groups.

The International Community of the Book: events, projects, and publications highlighting the universal importance of books, reading, literacy, and libraries.

Book and Library History: symposia, projects, and publications that encourage the study of books, reading, libraries, and print culture in society.

Celebrating Books, Reading, and Libraries: events, commemorations, exhibitions and publications that highlight the importance of books, reading, and libraries.

Book Arts: projects and publications that encourage appreciation of book design and the book and graphic arts.

Poetry Projects: using and promoting poetry to encourage reading.

Preserving our Print Heritage: projects that raise awareness of the importance of preserving books, paper, and other media.

Books in the Digital Age: symposia, projects, and publications that consider the role of books and the printed word in the future.

Program officer Maurvene D. Williams will be available at the LC exhibit booth to provide information, demonstrate the Center's Website, answer questions about the Center's projects, and pass out “CFB at 25" pins.

Federal Library and Information Center Committee (FLICC)

During fiscal 2002, the Federal Library and Information Center Committee (FLICC) continued to its mission “to foster excellence in federal library and information services through interagency cooperation and to provide guidance and direction for the Federal Library and Information Network (FEDLINK).”

FLICC's annual information policy forum, “Homeland Security: Impact of Policy Changes on Government Information Access,” focused on the changes resulting from enhanced homeland security on access to federal information by those both inside and outside the government. The executive keynote speaker for the event was Viet Dinh. Rep. Thomas M. Davis III (R-Va.) began the afternoon session with the congressional keynote address.

A survey conducted by Outsell, Inc., the only research and advisory firm that focused exclusively on the information content industry, government information professionals served significantly more users than colleagues in corporations and academic libraries and spent much less per user. The results also showed that while some governmental libraries have been progressive in their approach to digital content, they have been slower to make a transition to new business models.

FLICC's cooperative network, FEDLINK, continued to enhance its fiscal operations while providing its members with $56.6 million in transfer pay services and $38.1 million in direct pay services, saving federal agencies approximately $10.3 million in vendor volume discounts and approximately $7.6 million more in cost avoidance. FEDLINK exceeded fiscal 2002 revenue targets by 5.5 percent.

Interpretive Programs Office

Currently on exhibit:

World Treasures of the Library of Congress opened June 7, 2001, in the newly restored exhibition gallery of the historic Jefferson Building directly opposite the American Treasures of the Library of Congress gallery. This exhibition, generously supported by the Xerox Foundation, features treasures from the Library’s incomparable international collections that account for nearly seventy percent of the Library’s 119 million items. The exhibit presents central themes in world civilizations reflecting both the richness of LC international collections and the diversity of cultures found in them. The first theme, “Beginnings,” focuses on origins and includes various accounts of the creation, the founding of civilizations and places, and man’s exploration of the world and the heavens.

American Treasures of the Library of Congress, a long-term installation of the rarest and most significant items relating to America’s past from the Library’s collections, is on view in the Library’s Jefferson Building. Many of the fragile items, including those considered to be the Library’s Top Treasures, are rotated on a continuing basis.

When They Were Young opened September 26, 2002, in the Great Hall of the Jefferson Building and will be on display through March 22, 2003. This exhibition launches a book entitled, When They Were Young: A Photographic Retrospective of Childhood from the Library of Congress (New York: Kales Press, 2002). The quotes throughout the exhibit are from an essay in the publication, written by Pulitzer Prize‑winner Robert Coles.

Bob Hope and American Variety opened in the Library’s newest exhibition space in the Jefferson Building on May 10, 2000. The Bob Hope Gallery of American Entertainment is a new permanent, rotating exhibition gallery that features exhibitions that survey the evolution of 20th century forms of American entertainment–vaudeville, the musical stage, radio, motion pictures, and television–with a specific focus on the American variety tradition. The Gallery includes items from the Library’s recently acquired Bob Hope collection, materials from the rich and varied Library collections, as well as objects borrowed from the Bob Hope Archives located in Los Angeles. Interactive stations on early vaudeville, radio, film, and television, and an area where visitors are able to search Bob Hope’s jokes and learn how he used them are prominent features.

Here to Stay: The Legacy of George and Ira Gershwin, a continuing exhibition in the Gershwin Room of the Jefferson Building, celebrates the legacy of this illustrious musical team and displays items that relate their lives and work to the traditions of American music. George’s piano; his desk; Ira’s desk, and other historic furniture; memorabilia, such as Ira’s pen, George’s metronome, the Congressional medals awarded to the pair; and self-portraits are on permanent display in that area, along with panels that relate the Gershwins’ life history. Letters, musical scores, lyric sheets, and other items from the Music Division’s large Gershwin collection are rotated on a regular basis.

The Gerry Mulligan Collection is the inaugural exhibition in a new exhibit gallery in the Performing Arts Reading Room Foyer of the James Madison Building. Open indefinitely, the exhibit features the work of jazz musician Gerry Mulligan (1927-1996), well-known saxophonist, jazz innovator, composer, and arranger, who donated his gold-plated baritone saxophone, along with his papers, to the Library of Congress.

By Securing to Authors: Copyright, Commerce, and Creativity in America is on display on the fourth floor, green/blue Corridors, Madison Building, indefinitely. The exhibition features a wide range of items that have been copyrighted in America, including original Ken and Barbie dolls, Martin Luther King, Jr.”s “I Have a Dream” speech and a statue of the “Maltese falcon” that was used in the film of the same name.

The Earth As Art: A Landsat Perspective is on view in the corridor outside the Geography and Map Reading Room on the B level of the Madison Building. The exhibit opened July 23, 2002, and will remain on display until July 23, 2003. The exhibition commemorates the 30th anniversary of the launch of the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS), the first satellite launched by the U.S. whose specific purpose was to record imagery of the earth's surface. The exhibit features 30" x 30" high‑resolution prints of images from LANDSAT 7, the current successor to the original ERTS platform. Each of the 41 images has been selected for its artistic appeal rather than for its scientific significance. Some of the landmarks featured in The Earth As Art are the Ganges River Delta, Mt. Kilimanjaro, the irrigated farms of Garden City, Kansas, and the Everglades.

National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS)

Under the sponsorship of the Industrial Designers Society of America (IDSA), NLS held a national design competition, challenging undergraduate students to help design prototypes for the first generation of talking-book playback machines to use digital technology. The prize-winning entries were selected June 7, 2002, in Washington, D.C., when six judges convened at NLS to evaluate 146 submissions from twenty-eight design schools around the country.

To help plan for the deployment of digital information technologies throughout the NLS network, consumer representatives and network librarians met with appropriate staff at NLS on October 24–26, 2001 and March 6-8, 2002. The group will likely meet once or twice a year through the next five years to guarantee continuity and responsiveness to ever-changing digital prospects. Areas to be addressed by the group are the digital talking book, untapped digital opportunities, and potential service changes.

The NLS Website, <www.loc.gov/nls>, was redesigned during the fiscal year to improve usefulness, accessibility, and ease of navigation for target audiences.

At year’s end, NLS announced plans to launch a pilot program in fiscal 2003 to test the delivery over the Internet of digital audio magazines presented in real human speech.

The Web-braille program continued to grow, allowing access free of charge to more than 4,175 digital braille book files with 2,078 users signed by year’s end. Web-braille materials may now be accessed directly from the NLS International Union Catalog.

NLS continued experimenting with a digital recording system in its in-house studios, where several dozen books have been completed in digital format. A second recording system was installed to allow comparison of important features.

To ensure that NLS has an adequate store of digital materials available when it begins its transition from analog to digital distribution, all contractors producing audio books for NLS will begin converting their studios in early 2003, culminating in 100 percent digital mastering in two years.

A multiyear process began to identify the titles that would be converted to digital format for distribution as DTBs.

NLS has designed and programmed a DTB player that runs on a personal computer. This simulation enables NLS to test concepts developed during the NISO standards process and to select production tools.

The NLS Digital Audio Development (DAD) Committee continued its oversight of NLS digital initiatives and began a review and refinement of the twenty steps required to develop DTBs. NLS updated its Life-Cycle Cost Model to project future digital system costs and refined a prototype digital recording system at the NLS Recording Studio, where more than a dozen digital talking books have been completed, as well as a digital duplication system at the Multistate Center East. In addition, NLS completed specifications for the procurement of digitally recorded masters beginning in FY2003.

The International Union Catalog held more than 357,000 catalog records at year’s end.

In a major initiative from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2003, NLS and Mystic Seaport, Connecticut’s famed seventy-three-year-old Museum of America and the Sea, will collaborate to advance accessibility for blind and physically handicapped individuals and provide materials in special formats.

Photoduplication Service

In January 2002, the Photoduplication Service was officially transferred from the Preservation Directorate to the National Services Directorate. This reorganization provided a logical alignment with other Library of Congress customer service focused divisions. Photoduplication’s functions and internal organizational structure were not affected by this change. Despite the significant staff reductions in the microphotographic operation the previous fiscal year and loss of revenue due to the mail embargo, fiscal 2002 was another financially successful year for Photoduplication. Year-end accounting figures showed $3.09 million in sales.

OPERATIONS DIRECTORATE

Cliff Cohen, LS Director of Operations, will be available to meet with prospective candidates for Chief of the to-be-established Integrated Systems Operations (ISO) Division from 1:00 to 3:00 pm on Sunday, Jan. 26.

The ISO Division supports the Library of Congress Integrated Library System (LC ILS) and identifies and assesses future systems needs of users of the LC ILS and related enterprise systems related to the mission work of Library Services. ISO is responsible for managing resources to successfully plan and prioritize integrated systems implementation, upgrade, and maintenance. ISO works with vendors and Library units to implement systems, new software releases, and new functions and products. ISO also supports Library Services and its directorates/divisions in planning and implementing business process improvements.

Prospective leads can be directed to Jennifer Somosky who will be staffing the Recruitment Booth from 12-5:00 pm Friday, 9-5:30 pm Saturday and Sunday, and 9-1:00 pm on Monday. Print copies of the position description for the Chief, ISO will be available for those interested in the position and for use by LC staff to get the word out regarding the upcoming vacancy expected to open in early March.

LC ILS (Integrated Library System)

The Integrated Systems Office continues to focus on expanding access and improving service for external users of the Library of Congress Database. The Library has initiated an effort designed to increase the number of external users of the Library of Congress Online Catalog (catalog.loc.gov) as well as Z39.50 access to the LC Database. The Library expects to raise the number of OPAC and Z39.50 users gradually over the first few months of 2003.

The Library successfully upgraded its integrated library management system in February, 2002 to the 2000.1.3 version of the Voyager software. The Library intends to upgrade to the 2001.2 version of Voyager in May, 2003. Planning has also begun for the implementation of the Unicode standard for LC’s MARC 21 bibliographic, holdings, and authority records. The first step is a test conversion of a full copy of the LC Database to Unicode in January, 2003. Current plans call for LC to implement the Unicode Release of the Voyager software in the summer of 2003.

The Library has established a new service, Library of Congress Authorities (authorities.loc.gov), that provides free access to LC’s authority data via the Web. This service was made available on a trial basis on July 1, 2002. During the trial period, the Library sought feedback from users worldwide to assist in evaluating the service. User response was overwhelmingly positive. Based on user feedback, the Library made improvements to LC Authorities and decided to offer this free service on a permanent basis. The Library welcomes comments from users, which should be sent via email to ils@loc.gov. LC staff will demonstrate LC Authorities in the LC Exhibit booth theater on Saturday, Jan. 25, 12:30-1:00pm (repeated on Sunday, Jan. 26, 12:30-1:00pm ).

In November, LC initiated a telework pilot that enables staff to work at home. Some LC staff in acquisitions, cataloging, and reference have access to the LC Database along with all the tools available to staff onsite on Capitol Hill via laptop computers configured as ILS workstations.

In 2002, the Library implemented the use of BatchCat for certain database maintenance tasks. LC also implemented the first e-commerce activity by taking advantage of EDI capabilities for accepting electronic invoices from two of LC's largest subscription agents; testing is underway with a third supplier. The Library has begun using the claiming functionality in Acquisition/Check-in on a limited basis, with expansion planned for the autumn of 2003.

In January, 2003 the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS) will migrate its database to LC’s ILS environment. The NLS Database is scheduled to be available via the Web in February, 2003.

Network Development and MARC Standards Office (NDMSO)

Z39.50 International Next Generation. The Library of Congress has organized an initiative, ZING (Z39.50-International: Next Generation), to evolve Z39.50 to a web platform protocol that will be attractive to information providers, vendors, and users. After inaugurating this proof-of-concept initiative with a small international development and implementation group in June 2001, LC hosted another meeting in July 2002 and ther specifications were finalized and announced in October 2002. ZING is not intended to replace Z39.50 as currently defined and deployed, but to parlay experience to web-based end-user activities

SRW, the “Search/Retrieve Web Service,” is a facet of ZING that builds on Z39.50 along with web technologies -- XML, SOAP/RPC, and HTTP. The SRW strategy is that building on Z39.50 semantics will enable the creation of gateways to existing Z39.50 systems while reducing the barriers to new information providers, to make their resources available via a standard search and retrieve service. The Website for this initiative is <www.loc.gov/standards/zing>

Z39.50 Gateway. LC’s WWW/Z39.50 Gateway now contains more than 500 databases on 400 servers; 145 of the databases listed are non-U.S., from over 20 other countries. Servers of over eighteen different library system vendors are represented.

Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS). NDMSO staff participated in the development of the Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS), an eXtensible Markup Language (XML) schema for creating XML documents that express the hierarchical structure of digital library objects, the names and locations of the digital files that comprise those objects, and the associated metadata. NDMSO is the maintenance agency for the METS standard which is being taken up by many digital library projects, worldwide. The official METS website was established at the Library <http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets>, a METS Listserv is maintained by the Office, and NDMSO staff serve on the METS Editorial Board. METS development continued with Version 1.1. At the November 2002 Board meeting, the MODS schema, the MARCXML schema for MARC 21, a schema for DC, and the NISO MIX schema for still images were adopted as METS extension schemas. MIX was jointly developed by NISO and NDMSO (see www.loc.gov/standards/mix/).

MARCXML. NDMSO has developed a new XML Schema and toolkit (MARCXML) for working with MARC metadata in XML. The schema uses a slim approach to describe MARC data and as a result provides a flexible “bus” through which metadata can be transformed and manipulated in various ways. Users can now convert MARC data to and from various descriptive metadata standards such as Dublin Core, ONIX, and NDMSO’s Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS). MARC data encoded in the slim schema can easily be used to display MARC records on the web in HTML. The toolkit is being developed in a modular fashion while emphasizing the use and promotion of freely available open-source tools.

NDMSO also continues to maintain and make available a previous version of a Document Type Definition (DTD) and a set of utilities created for the purpose of converting MARC records to SGML and XML. NDMSO supports these tools for users who already utilize them with their local systems while encouraging them to migrate to the new MARCXML toolkit.

Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS). In December the trial use period for the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) completed and version 2.0 of the schema is now out for review. It is a lightweight version of MARC using language based tags rather than numeric ones (e.g. “Title” rather than “245"), that is intended to carry selected data from existing MARC 21 records as well as supporting original resource description records. It targets applications that require richer resource descriptions than simple Dublin Core but not as complex as full MARC. Several projects using MODS have been initiated inside LC, including the Audio-Visual Prototype Project and MINERVA. MODS may potentially be used as: a Z39.50 Next Generation specified format; an extension schema to METS; to represent metadata for harvesting (e.g. Open Archives Initiative); for original resource description in XML syntax; for representing a simplified MARC record in XML; for metadata in XML that may be packaged with an electronic resource. MODS is intended to be a compliment to other metadata formats. It is more compatible with library data than other metadata schemes such as ONIX; richer than some such as Dublin Core, but simpler than the full MARC format. (See: www.loc.gov/standards/mods)

MARC 21. The harmonization of the MARC 21 format with UKMARC was completed with agreement among MARC 21 users and UKMARC users to changes to MARC 21. This is a major milestone for catalog sharing and efficient interoperability with the UK and other users of UKMARC. The 2002 updates for MARC 21 were published in December 2002. For the January 2003 MARBI meeting 3 Discussion Papers and 2 Proposals were prepared and put on the agenda.

New and Updated Online Exhibitions. Working with the Interpretive Programs Office (IPO), NDMSO completed several new online exhibitions for exhibitions at the Library (see www.loc.gov/exhibits): Witness and Response: September 11 Acquisitions at the Library of Congress; When They Were Young: A Photographic Retrospective of Childhood; Monstrous Craws and Character Flaws: Masterpieces of Cartoons and Caricatures; The Water-Babies: Illustrations by Jessie Willcox Smith.

PRESERVATION DIRECTORATE

Overview

During 2002, the Library’s Preservation Directorate provided a comprehensive range of services to preserve, protect and make available collections in all formats. Through the coordinated efforts of staff in the Directorate’s four divisions and two special programs, 1,126,598 items were preserved at a total cost of $ 11,205,276. The average per-item cost was $ 9.95.

Notable accomplishments included the provision of 30,000 hours of conservation for custodial division collections, including the selection and stabilization of 220 items for American Memory; the successful completion of year one of a five year preventive preservation initiative; deacidification of 150,000 books and the installation of a flat sheet mass deacidification treater in the Library that will rescue one million books and five million manuscripts over a five year period; completion of the first year of a multi-year project to determine the life expectancy of CD media; the preservation microfilming of 2,334,737 exposures (4.7 million pages) for service to the public, and the development of an RFP for preservation digitizing. Digital preservation activities within the Directorate included hosting visits to LC by national and international digital preservation experts, and contributing to the efforts of the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program.

Preserving and Protecting the Library’s Collections. The Preservation Directorate participated in the work of the Library’s Emergency Management Team and the Collections Security Oversight Committee. Guidelines for responding to water-related emergencies were revised, key areas in the Directorate were recommended for security upgrades, and a review of platinum level items was coordinated with the Director for Acquisitions and key library stakeholders. Directorate personnel assisted in the development of LC proposals to draw on resources provided by the supplemental security appropriation approved by President Bush following the events of 9/11. To enhance emergency preparedness Directorate staff deployed 100 collection emergency response kits and commissioned the purchase of a mobile flash freezer unit to stabilize water damaged library materials.

Preservation of Digital Assets. To support the Library’s digital preservation efforts, the Directorate developed a technical plan for a digital preservation lab and program. The plan focuses specifically on the development of digital reformatting capabilities and methods for evaluating technical approaches to the preservation of born digital information.

The plan involves development of a laboratory to test approaches to preserving digital content. It will also serve as a training center for staff and interns and function as a clearing house for information related to digital preservation. A digital resources Website devoted to digital reformatting and preservation of digital content is being launched this week. Its purpose is to provide useful information to libraries, archives and other cultural agencies. The URL is: <http://www.loc.gov/preserv/digital/>

To better understand the life expectancy of digital the Directorate continued its study into CD aging. A report of findings for the first phase of this work will be issued early next year. The Directorate also entered into a collaboration with NIST to develop a join testing protocol for CDs, CDRs and DVDs and to share data and findings.

Offsite Library Facilities. To support the offsite storage of LC collections the Directorate implemented a special 5-year program to preserve, package and label items in advance of their relocation to Culpeper and Ft. Meade, Module 2. The project supports the staff and supplies necessary to package and label materials so they arrive at their destinations preserved and ready for use.

Preserving ‘At-Risk’ Collections. In fiscal 2002, the Directorate implemented the first year of a five year special project to preserve ‘at-risk’ collections, improve environmental storage conditions, develop specifications for storage furniture, and conduct a pilot project into paper strengthening. All funds allocated for year one were successfully obligated and all first year targets were met, including the rehousing of approximately 27,000 items in a range of formats, including materials from the Theodore Roosevelt Collection, the Opera Libretto collection, and the Library’s early U.S. newspaper collections.

Conservation. During fiscal 2002, conservators treated over 7,000 rare books, manuscripts and photographs and provided preventive housing for over 270,000 items from 11 custodial divisions. Treatments included 4,551 unbound paper items and photographs and 2,653 volumes and sheets. Additionally, 9,465 items were housed or rehoused. Select rare items treated included the 1507 Waldseemuller Map of the World (Cosmographia Mundi); three volumes of the Gutenberg Bible and two volumes of the Mainz Bible (both digitized by the Octavo Corporation); 37 ancient cuneiform tablets; and one of the Library's oldest Armenian Gospels.

Environmental Monitoring and Control. The Directorate completed the third year of an environmental monitoring project with Image Permanence Institute (IPI), to optimize collection environments using existing equipment. To assure good preservation of the collections, temperatures in the Rare Book and Special Collections Division were lowered slightly. This adjustment will add approximately 20 additional years of life to the materials stored in this area. Directorate staff continued to work closely with AOC in improving conditions in all storage areas and assisted in the deployment of additional environmental sensors and data loggers in key stack locations. Temperatures have been turned down in key areas and the buildings are blueprints of the collection storage spaces are being developed as a pathway to understanding how we might best deliver suitable environments to critical areas.

Paper Strengthening Project. A project to look into the efficacy of paper strengthening was launched during fiscal 2002 with the formation of an advisory committee charged with assisting the library in evaluating commercially available paper strengthening processes. The advisory committee was convened and evaluated samples provided by a vendor. With input from the advisory group, the Library sent additional samples to a vendor for treatment. These samples are expected back in late January to be followed by a pilot project to select materials that might benefit most from paper strengthening.

Conservation Training. In fiscal 2002 the Conservation Division began a 3 year grant funded by the Getty Grant Program to train conservators in preventive conservation. The first fellow, from Brazil, accomplished much including completing a condition survey of the Rosenwald Collection (Rare Book and Special Collections Division), studying and participating in the Library’s emergency response program, and training staff in the care and handling of library materials. Applications for the second year of this program were reviewed during the third quarter of Fiscal 2002 and Kazuko Hioki from Japan was awarded the second fellowship.

Bindingand General Collections Care. Binding staff labeled a total of 167,939 volumes, quality reviewed 218,950 volumes, and prepared 105,685 volumes for binding. The total number of volumes sent for commercial binding during the fiscal year was 225,635. Contractors processed 35,019 monographs and 47,871 serials.

During fiscal 2002 the Collections Care Section repaired 2,525 volumes. Eight new Preventive Conservation Collections Care Technicians were hired during the year. Together they boxed 7,126 volumes.

Preservation Research and Testing Division

Research completed in Fiscal 2002 in the R&T lab proved the validity of accelerated aging of paper in the laboratory as a means of accurately modeling natural ageing. Research directly compared the chemistry underlying the aging of paper under artificially accelerated and natural storage conditions. Differences in the two processes were clearly identified and redressed by proposing a new accelerated aging method, which was proven to simulate the natural aging process. This new improved test is also appreciably less expensive to perform and takes only a fourth of the time to perform. Consequently, it can be used by many laboratories that are not equipped with the expensive specialized aging chambers required for the performance of the older accelerated aging tests. Experimental parameters for this test were developed in the form of a standardized test in collaboration with the Canadian Conservation Institute and the support of Institute for Standards Research of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). This test has now been accepted as an ASTM standard.

Topics in Preservation Science. A new lecture series was launched this fall aimed at expanding public and professional awareness of trends in preservation science. A distinguished slate of conservation scientists will address topics such as diagnostic techniques in conservation, micro environments for exhibition and collection safekeeping, the mechanisms of light deterioration, micro testing, and understanding ink corrosion. For more info see: <http://www.loc.gov/preserv/tops/schedule.html>.

Digital Media Aging Project. The R&T lab continues to age commercially issues CDs as a means of predicting their life expectancy. Staff in the division made substantial progress this year and exchanged research approaches and data with scientists from NIST and the National Archives where similar work is taking place. Further collaboration is expected in the coming year as well as a preliminary report of findings.

Standards Development. Standards work included development of a new accelerated aging test for paper developed jointly with the Canadian Conservation Institute, based entirely upon findings developed in our laboratories, which has now been accepted by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) as a new standard (ASTM D6812-02). The R&T Division participated in the Association for Image and Information Management’s (AIIM) Standards Board, to develop a PDF standard for archival or permanent documents. This new standardized PDF format will be referred to as PDF-A.

A division staff member chaired the ASTM Subcommittee D14.50 for Hot Melts, Pressure Sensitive and Archival Adhesives, to develop international standards for label and pressure sensitive adhesive materials for libraries and archives.

The division developed specifications for permanent and durable materials to house LC collections. These are found on the Preservation Directorate’s Website at: <http://lcweb.loc.gov/preserv/supply/specific.html>/

Work this year included specifications for pressure-sensitive adhesive products intended for theft detection strips for books and video cassettes.

Preservation Reformatting Division (PRD)

The preservation microfilming program produced 2,334,737 exposures (4.7 million pages) on preservation-quality microforms for service to the public. In addition to nine serial titles from the Hispanic Government Publications arrearage that were prepared for filming, materials reformatted included numerous American, Middle Eastern, European, and Asian-language newspapers; Copyright Playscripts; and Law Library periodicals. Preservation Reformatting Division (PRD) staff worked with the Photoduplication Service (PDS) to develop a workflow for PDS on-demand customer requests for microfilm, the goal of which was to ensure a timely turn-around for public customers while simultaneously providing preservation service copies of the film for the Library’s collections. PRD also worked with the Photoduplication Service to process brittle materials for filming, collating over 666,000 pages of foreign language newspapers (including 400,000 in the Arabic language).

The digital preservation reformatting component of the PRD instituted digitization of interlibrary loan books and completed digitization of a set of Memorial Volumes for the Humanities and Social Sciences Division, adding 5,300 images to the Library’s digital collections. Through affiliation with Harvard University’s Arnold Arboretum, PRD received a 24,000 term computerized index to Garden and Forest, a 19^th century horticultural journal previously digitized by the Library, and also added five scholarly essays to the website for that publication.

PRD utilized the services of OCLC Preservation Resources to conduct a pilot program, exploring the use of digitization to rectify problems associated with acquired microfilmed materials that were not originally produced to current institutional and technical standards. The contractor performed a technical evaluation and made recommendations about reformatting and digitization of a 2,600-reel collection of deteriorating 16mm acetate microfilm of the NBC Master Books, i.e. scripts, logs, etc. of NBC radio broadcasts dating from 1922 to 1983.

Mass Deacidification

Since the 1970's, the Library has provided international leadership in solving the worldwide problem of deteriorating, acidic paper. With a successful mass deacidification program in place since 1996, the Library has extended the useful life of more than 550,000 books through utilization of this new preservation technology that neutralizes the acid in paper. During Fiscal 2002, the Library ramped up treatment to 150,000 books, achieving the second year goal of a five-year contract that will enable the Library to deacidify 1,000,000 books. Initiating another important objective of its Thirty Year (One Generation) Mass Deacidification Plan, the Library negotiated with the deacidification contractor to build at its own expense a new single-sheet treatment cylinder. This equipment, installed late in fiscal 2002, meets all of the Library’s technical, environmental, and safety requirements. It will be operated and maintained by the contractor, enabling the Library to obtain onsite deacidification services to ensure the longevity of non-book collections materials that are too invaluable to be transported to the vendor plant near Pittsburgh where the Library’s books continue to be deacidified. The single-sheet treater, tested at the end of the year, will permit the Library to deacidify annually 1,000,000 pages of non-book, paper-based materials at an estimated cost of between $.18-.20 per page. For more info, see: <www.loc.gov/preserv/carelc.html>

United States Newspaper Program

The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) announced U.S. Newspaper Program grant awards totaling $1.7 million in FY2002 to fund projects in four states: Illinois, Michigan, New York and Tennessee. State projects were completed in Connecticut, District of Columbia and Oregon. Active projects continue in Arizona, California, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Tennessee, and Virginia. To date, NEH has provided $48.2 million in support of USNP projects. Non-federal contributions total approximately $19.3 million. Completed and current projects will produce records of 163,600 newspaper titles and will microfilm 63.3 million pages of newsprint by the conclusion of all projects.

Sound and Moving Image Preservation

There is much activity taking place around the Library to preserve the Library’s growing collections of sound, film and video. This work often cuts across organizational boundaries. A sampling of initiatives follows.

Preservation/MBRS Working Group. The Preservation/MBRS Working Group continued to meet to address issues regarding the preservation of sound recordings, films and videotapes. The group accomplished much this year including the design and production of archival sleeves for sound discs, and the development of a revised specification for a plastic can and a new specification for a stainless steel film can. Examples of these will be tested in the coming months. Specifications for both types can be found at: <http://lcweb.loc.gov/preserv/supply/specific.html>

National Audio Visual Conservation Center. Planning for the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center (NAVCC) in Culpeper, Virginia, broadened to include not only ongoing design consultation for the architectural and engineering team, but also program, business, and preservation production planning for the overall Culpeper operations. A Program and Vision Statement for the NAVCC was prepared in March. During the summer, an investment and program cost model and detailed cost requirements for the entire facility across a five-year period were drafted. In other work, the MBRS Temporary Audio-Visual Storage Center, Elkwood, Virginia, a 36,000 square foot storage facility, was acquired by the Packard Humanities Institute (PHI) for the temporary storage of the film and video materials previously stored in the Culpeper facility, until the completion of the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center. PHI expenditure for this facility exceeded $1 million. All remaining nitrate collections were packed and removed from the film vault located at the Suitland Federal Record Center to the Motion Picture Conservation Center at Dayton, Ohio.

The Recorded Sound Processing Unit developed a workflow system with the MBRS Recording Laboratory in which all recordings preserved receive initial bibliographic control in the ILS before preservation and complete records after preservation. There was no systematic program for control of preservation work until this project was developed. The system was further developed to include creation of METS records for the collections digitally preserved.

The Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division acquired the Prelinger Collection of 48,000 educational, industrial, and advertising films and independent productions from the 1930s-60s and the Daniel P. Moynihan video collection, 900 videocassettes that were part of the Senator Daniel P. Moynihan papers.

The Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division continued to participate in such key organizations as the Association for Recorded Sound Collections, Association of Moving Image Archivists, International Federation of Film Archives, International Federation of Television Archives, Music Libraries Association, Audio Engineers Society, and National Television and Video Preservation Foundation. For the first time, staff members were appointed to serve on each of the three formal commissions (Technical, Cataloging and Documentation, and Access) of the International Federation of Film Archives. NBC News gave the Library authorization to mount all NBC Radio Collection news broadcasts on the Library's Web pages.

The Audio-Visual Digital Prototyping Project refined a digital object metadata system that captured METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard) digital-object metadata in Oracle and Java application hosted on the Library's servers. Java tools produced the XML output from the database. More than 500 METS digital objects were added to the database.

National Film Board and Foundation. New initiatives for the National Preservation Boards and Foundations this year included the National Film Registry Website. The National Recording Preservation Board convened for the first time in March 2002. The Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division laid the groundwork for an Internet-based Moving Image Gateway, a collaborative project of the Association of Moving Image Archivists and the Library of Congress. A $900,000 National Science Foundation grant, announced in September, would fund the two-year development of the Web portal (now known as MIC [Moving Image Collections]), which would eventually be hosted by the Library of Congress.

National Recording Preservation Board. The inaugural meeting of the National Recording Preservation Board (NRPB) was held at the Library of Congress on March 12, 2002. Librarian of Congress James H. Billington welcomed the 20 Board members in attendance, outlined the broad objectives of the National Recording Preservation Act, and introduced Marilyn Bergman, President and Chairman of the Board of ASCAP, as the new NRPB chair. The bulk of the day's discussion was devoted to two key topics: establishing selection criteria and procedures for the National Recording Registry, and identifying field-wide issues and needs to be addressed in the Recording Preservation Study and Report. A consultant, appointed by the Librarian, will be hired shortly to conduct the study and report, which will identify crucial components of the National Sound Recording Preservation Program. As a follow-up to the meeting, the Library established a NRPB Website and electronic discussion list (“listserv”) to facilitate on-going dialogue among Board members. See <http://www.loc.gov/rr/record/nrpb/>

Preservation of Sound Recordings. The 106^th Congress passed legislation that established a sound recording preservation program and authorized a sound recording preservation Board and Foundation for a period of seven years. The legislation requires the Board to develop a comprehensive national recording preservation study and action plan. The Board and Foundation met on March 12, 2002. Legislation: <http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi‑bin/bdquery/z?d106:h.r.4846>.

Save our Sounds. The American Folklife Center’s audio-preservation project Save Our Sounds has received a major grant from the Rockefeller Foundation of $250,000. The grant, which will be shared with the Smithsonian Institution, ensures that the two organizations will match and thus receive federal monies appropriated under the Save America’s Treasures Program, now administered by the National Park Service in cooperation with the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

The project draws from Save America’s Treasures funds. The overarching goal is to save Smithsonian and LC collections and also come up with standards to guide preservation of sound recordings. To date, LC has raised its match of $285,000 [ $570,00] (the total award was $ 750,000). The Library has chosen various format collections for preservation demonstration: e.g., wires, discs, etc., working with the Motion Picture, Broadcast and Recorded Sound Division and others to preserve the originals and digitize. To contribute and for more information, see <http://www.loc.gov/folklife/sos/>

Audio-Visual Digital Preservation Prototyping Project. The Library of Congress is developing a library-wide digital repository that will preserve every type of digital content for which the Library takes responsibility, including reformatted and born-digital audio-visual collections. Since audio-visual materials raise unique issues in repository design, the Library's MBRS Division has undertaken an Audio-Visual Digital Preservation Prototyping Project as part of the general planning for the construction of the digital infrastructure within the new National Audio-Visual Conservation Center to be constructed in Culpeper, Virginia. The combination of the MBRS AV Prototyping Project and the Library-wide repository development effort provides a platform for testing the latest technologies in creating, preserving, storing and providing access to audio-visual formats. This collaboration is experimenting with new approaches for reformatting historical materials in digital form, receiving and processing "born-digital" recorded sound and moving image collections, exploring how digital materials may be stored and thus preserved, and testing new ways to present them to researchers. Access to the digital sound recordings, television and video titles and, eventually, film materials in the repository will be provided by a storage area network with nodes in Culpeper and on Capitol Hill connected by fiber optic links that serve the Library's reading rooms.

During recent months, the MBRS Digital Culpeper project continued to define the digital object production and ingest functions, while also conducting feasibility tests on the metadata software packages that will accompany these digital objects. Digital preservation prototyping continued to be performed on specific audio-visual samples from the collections of MBRS and the Library's American Folklife Center. More information is available at:

<http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/mopic/avprot/avprhome.html>; <http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/mopic/avprot/projover0103/index.htm>; and <http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/metadata.html>.

PUBLIC SERVICE COLLECTIONS DIRECTORATE

American Folklife Center (AFC)

Save Our Sounds Recorded Heritage Preservation Project. The American Folklife Center has chosen eight of its collections for the project–each valuable in its own right, and each presenting problems of restoration and preservation that will make them models for future operations. They are the James Madison Carpenter Collection; the Eloise Hubbard Linscott Collection; a collection of wire recordings of Pennsylvania Germans made by Don Yoder; the American Dialect Society Collection; the collections of the International Storytelling Center of Jonesborough, Tennessee; tapes from nineteen Zuni narrators from the American West; the Eleanor Dickinson Collection; and the Pearl Harbor “man on the street” interviews from the Radio Research Project Collection.

The Save Our Sounds Project requires private matching funds to gain access to the federal portion of the grant.

Veterans History Project see separate section under LIBRARY SERVICES

September 11, 2001, Documentary Project. The Center has launched a project to collect documentation of reactions to the tragic events of September 11, when four hijacked planes crashed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center, in New York City, the Pentagon, in Arlington, Virginia; and a field in rural Pennsylvania. The project is modeled on one created by Alan Lomax following the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941, when Lomax asked folklorists in ten different localities to make audio recordings of the opinions of ordinary citizens. In an email message posted to Publore, the Center has asked folklorists and other cultural specialists from around the country to conduct audiotaped interviews with citizens about their reactions to September 11, and send their recordings and other documentation to the Library for preservation in the Archive of Folk Culture as the September 11, 2001, Documentary Project Collection.

“Explore Your Community” Poster. This community heritage poster for middle and high school students was designed and printed with an initial grant from the U.S. Department of Education and major support from the Rural School and Community Trust. The back of the poster includes a definition of community heritage, suggestions for projects, and a list of resources on the subject. The poster will be sent free of charge to persons and organizations who have expressed interest, and will be available on request from the Center.

The Ethnographic Thesaurus Project. The National Endowment for the Humanities has awarded a Chairman’s Grant for $30,000 to the American Folklore Society for the development of an ethno-thesaurus, a project co-sponsored by the Society, AFC, and George Mason University that will create a valuable reference tool for the use of folklorists, ethnomusicologists, archivists, librarians, and others. A group of folklorists, librarians, and other interested persons organized to coordinate the project has hired a researcher, who will be based at George Mason University, and formulated a questionnaire regarding the scope and uses of the thesaurus, to be sent to all folklorists, ethnomusicologists, and ethnographic institutions.

Collections Access, Loan, and Management Division (CALM) - REVISE

The Loan and Collections Management divisions are merging into a new division, Collections Access, Management, and Loan. The chief of the new division is Steve Herman. Chris Wright, formerly chief of the Loan Division, has moved to a management support position in the Office of the Director for Area Studies. The new organization takes advantage of the capabilities of the integrated library system to perform collections management and circulation functions. The reorganization is expected to be complete in spring 2003.

Humanities and Social Sciences Division (HSS)

The Humanities and Social Sciences Division implemented a reorganization which became effective September 2002. Three major changes occurred: 1) The Main Reading Room Section (MRR) was divided into two sections, with the Head of the Main Reading Room (MRR I) responsible for Collection Development, and the Coordinator of Public Services for the Main Reading Room (MRR II) responsible for the Reference Referral Service (RRS); both will be responsible for MRR staff and functions. 2) The Microform Reading Room Section was renamed to Microform & Machine Readable Collections Reading Room (MMRC), with custodial and service responsibility for the machine-readable collections and the microform collections. 3) The Electronic Resources Services Section (ERSS) was eliminated and the automation function of the Division transferred to the new MMRC and the Reference Referral Service transferred to MRR II.

Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division (M/B/RS) - see Sound and Moving Image Preservation under PRESERVATION DIRECTORATE

Prints and Photographs Division (P&P)

Recent Additions to PPOC, the Prints & Photographs Online Catalog:

Abdul Hamid II Collection: About 400 photographs mounted in albums (records being added),

ca. 1880‑1893. Photographic survey of the Ottoman Empire, showing educational, military, and other government facilities as well as historic sites.

Edward S. Curtis Collection: About 850 photographic prints (records being added), 1890‑1929. Native Americans in the Pacific Northwest, New Southwest, Great Basin, Great Plains, Plateau Region, California, and Alaska. Features studio and field photographs.

Japanese Fine Prints, pre‑1915: About 300 prints and a few drawings, 1688‑1915. Primarily woodcuts depicting actors, women, landscapes, scenes from Japanese literature and daily life, English and European visitors.

Item-level Still Picture Records Distributed via CDS. In November and December 2002, the retrospective file of 40,000 item-level still picture records created in the Prints & Photographs Division began to be distributed through the MDS-Visual Materials service in CDS. (The full set of all distributed records has now reached almost 50,000.) The individual pictures represent a wide variety of subjects and genres, with historical American events, places, and people predominating.. Most records link to a visual digital reproduction on the Web. MDS-Visual Material subscribers can expect to receive approximately 5,000 new records annually. Some sample searches are: children, civil rights, sewing, Eleanor Roosevelt, Abraham Lincoln, Egypt, San Francisco, World War, 1914-1918.

Key Acquisitions. The Prints and Photographs Division added 196,478 items to the collection in Fiscal 2002—a huge annual increase over 38,916 in Fiscal 2001. Acquisitions included 379 purchases, 321 copyright deposits, 126,410 gifts, 2 exchanges, 64,149 transfers from the National Park Service, and 5,217 transfers from the Manuscript Division.

Acquisitions of special note include:

—a rare architectural rendering in watercolor for a Louisiana resort hotel dated 1838 by M. Vergnes;

—a unique, half-plate daguerreotype of Cherokee Nation chief, John Ross;

—two sketches for imaginary garden pavilions by the master Viennese Secessionist designer, Josef Hoffman;

—the Lester Glassner Collection of 100 movie posters from the years 1920–1980, including those for such cinematic masterpieces as Gone With the Wind, Meet Me in St. Louis, Snow White, Mildred Pierce, and All About Eve;

—the Charles M. Goodman Papers consisting of some 20,000 architectural drawings and prints created 1935–1987 by a leading modernist architect of residential buildings;

—the Paul Rudolph Archive, consisting of some 90,000 architectural drawings and photographs by

During fiscal 2002, P&P concentrated on rapidly acquiring a wide variety of pictorial materials related to the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Among the highlights of the division’s unmatched 9/11 archive are:

—126 photographs of ground zero, World Trade Center site, taken by 19 New York City news photographers;

—2,549 original works of art inspired by the terrorist attacks in the Exit Art Reactions collection;

—5 eye-witness color photographs of the attack on the Pentagon;

—10 poster-style photo essays in the series “Courageous Americans” featuring photographic portraits of rescue and emergency aid personnel commissioned by Burger King Corporation from the photographer Richard Avedon;

—335 original drawings by leading cartoon and comic book artists created for ground-breaking publications September 11: The World’s Finest Comic Book Writers and Artists Tell Stories to Remember (2 vols), 9/11 Emergency Relief, and World War III;

—58 documentary photographs of the destruction at the Pentagon and the Shanksville, PA crash site

—P&P’s 9/11 archive also includes a broad spectrum of fine prints, art photographs, drawings, and commemorative posters and graphic designs, including an unusual series of Urdu and Arabic posters featuring Osama bin Laden and Koranic injunctions on jihad.

Serial and Government Publications Division (SER)

Collection . The Library, through efforts such as the historic newspaper collection, preserves the seminal events of our nation’s history over the last three centuries. The Library continues to collect historic issues of newspapers, including select issues chronicling September 11, 2001 and its aftermath, and various commemorative issues. This invaluable archive is primarily used by the Library to support interpretative events and exhibits, but is also available to scholars and members of Congress as required. The Newspaper Section has put together a list of issues needed to supplement the collection, which is available on the Serial and Government Publications Division website along with information on how to send donated issues to the Library.

During the past year, items from two SER “gold” collections, the historic news collection as well as the gold comic book collection, were used in various Library presentations including the exhibition Witness and Response: Remembering September 11. A Webcast presentation featuring Newspaper Section Head Mark Sweeney discussing newspapers in this collection is scheduled for release this winter.

After the September 11, 2001 attacks on New York, comic book artists working for major publishers such as Marvel turned their talents to commemorating the ordinary folks who became heroes that day. Exhibition of these 9/11 comics along with other gold collection comics show how comic book artists from World War II to the present have touched on similar themes of good and evil and patriotism. The first superhero, Superman, fought on the side of the U.S. and its allies against the Axis powers in World War II. Superman’s image was used to promote blood drives, war bond sales, and service enlistments. We continue to acquire and seek donations of 9/11comic books by purchase and gift (some signed) commemorating the ordinary folks who became heroes by their extraordinary deeds of service and sacrifice. Both the comic book and historic news collections will give future scholars and researchers unique insights into what citizens were reading, thinking and doing during this time.

In order to ensure the survival of these fragile collections, SER continues to work with the Preservation Directorate on two new treatment strategies for select original issues of newspapers and comic books with high archival value. A sample of comic books and 9/11 newspaper issues was sent for mass de-acidification under an existing LC contract with PTLP. Test issues of newspapers will be treated by ZFB’s innovative production paper-strengthening technology and evaluated.. A new Secure Storage Area for the gold collections of newspapers and comics has been approved and the Architect of the Capitol is scheduled to begin construction in January. Once construction is completed, all Division gold collection items will be housed together, improving service and collection security.

Recent acquisitions include: 377 issues of Union newspapers containing important Civil War battlefield and military campaign maps; 50 rare newspaper issues of the Vermont Gazette (Bennington, Vermont) covering the period June 20, 1785-May 29, 1786; an exceedingly rare volume of Vermont’s first newspaper, published just two years earlier on June 5, 1783. These early Vermont newspapers contain news, reports, and notices and ads not found in any other New England newspapers.

Service. The Division finished a year long stack services contract pilot, which was very successful. Not only has our reader request time been shortened, but new items are shelved the day the Division receives them, which means more requested items are on the shelf sooner and ready for the reader to use. Reliance on the contractor for basic stack services has allowed LC staff to concentrate on other collection management duties: three separate alphabets were combined into one collection and the entire current periodical collection was shifted and audited; the newspaper microfilm collection was shifted to provide for better retrieval access and future growth; certain processing arrearages were eliminated while others were greatly reduced; significant weeding of duplicate depository materials was undertaken; staff created a database of gold collection bound newspapers, and completed numerous projects which would not have otherwise been possible. SER staff continue to work with other Library serial check-in units as de-centralized serial check-in begins Library-wide.

During the summer of 2002, Ms. Catherine Cone worked in the Division under the auspices of the Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities Intern Program (HACU). She compiled an electronic database of historical information about the Division, reviewed a comprehensive list of newspapers in the Library’s collection and annotated missing years so that the Library could purchase microfilm to complete its runs of U.S. newspapers, and accessioned several thousand comic book issues received on copyright deposit for the Library’s Comic Book Collection.

The Division, with The Center for the Book, co-sponsored the Books & Beyond author series lecture featuring Peter Bridges discussing his new book, Pen of Fire, the first full-length biography of Confederate champion John Moncure Daniel, on November 18^th at the Library.

During the period July- December 2002, reference librarians in the Serial and Government Publications Division responded to 2,092 questions submitted digitally by readers using the Library of Congress Ask A Librarian service and other email formats. Using the “libe chat” feature, SER reference librarians “chatted” with 118 inquirers from July through December 2002.

OFFICE OF STRATEGIC INITIATIVES

STRATEGIC INITIATIVES/NATIONAL DIGITAL LIBRARY PROGRAM

National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program

The primary focus of the Office of Strategic Initiatives has been strategic planning for the development and implementation of a National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP). The program is funded by a congressional appropriation of $99.8 million. The program’s mission is to develop, in collaboration with other institutions and stakeholders, a national strategy to collect, archive and preserve the burgeoning amounts of digital content, especially materials that are distributed primarily in digital formats, for current and future generations. Several sessions were held with a variety of stakeholders in preparation for submission of a plan to Congress for its approval.

Legislative background: In December 2000, the 106th Congress appropriated $100 million for this effort, which instructs the Library to spend an initial $25 million to develop and execute a congressionally approved strategic plan for a National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program. (A government‑wide rescission of .22 percent in late December 2000 reduced this special appropriation to $99.8 million.) Congress specified that $5 million of the appropriation could be spent during the initial phase for planning as well as for the acquisition and preservation of digital information that may otherwise vanish. The legislation authorizes as much as $75 million of federal funding to be made available as this amount is matched by nonfederal donations, including in‑kind contributions. A “Plan for the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program” was submitted to Congress in October 2002. On Jan. 6, 2003, the Library received congressional approval for the NDIIPP plan.

The Website for the NDIIPP program is at <www.loc.gov/digitalpreservation>.

American Memory

The National Digital Library Program’s flagship American Memory Website now makes freely available nearly 8 million digital items in more than 100 collections ranging from papers of the U.S. presidents, Civil War photographs and early films of Thomas Edison to papers documenting the women's suffrage and civil rights movements, Jazz Age photographs and the first baseball cards.

The Library will continue to expand American Memory by converting its historically significant collections for online access and by working with other institutions to add similarly important content.

American Memory Outreach

Over the past fiscal year the National Digital Library Learning Center hosted 641 programs for 8,882 visitors. A series of 59 onsite workshops presented by Learning Center staff introduced 729 teachers, librarians and media specialists to the American Memory collections. Concurrently, the staff presented 80 videoconferences to 1,412 educators throughout the country in the Learning Center’s videoteleconference space. The Learning Center also offered 269 programs for 4,941 guests and 121 special programs in its computer workstation alcove. In addition to providing demonstrations of the Library’s Website to members of Congress, distinguished guests of the Library, visiting scholars and the public, NDL reference staff answered more than 3,400 e-mailed questions from American Memory users.

Last June, the Library held the third Adventure of the American Mind summer institute for teachers, sponsored by the Education and Research Consortium of Western North Carolina.

The Learning Page, the companion Website to the American Memory collections and targeted at educators, was updated with more “Learn More About It” essays for classroom use, new teacher-created lesson plans using the American Memory collections and new student activities, including “Copyright on the Web” and an updated “Big Picture Puzzle.” There are also new “Collection Connections”: “Origins of American Animation,” “Traveling Culture: Circuit Chautauqua in the Twentieth Century,” “First‑Person Narratives of the American South, 1860‑1920.” Several lessons from American Memory Fellows have also been added.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERVICES

To ensure long-term viability of the Library’s digital collections, Information Technology Services stores one complete set of backup tapes in the Library’s John Adams Building. The Library also has a contract with a major commercial "vaulting" service that provides for a weekly transfer of backup tapes to the vendor for storage in a secure local facility.

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