a. Problem space.III. Well-defined and ill-defined problems.
b. initial state
c. intermediate states
d. goal state
e. moves, transformations, or operations
IV. Typology of problems (incomplete and unsatisfactory)
1. Barrier avoidance, problem box
2. Simple transformation problems (Greeno 1)
Tower of Hanoi, water jug,
3. reorganize elements (Greeno 2)
anagrams, cryptarithmetic,
4. Constrained generation of new elements (Greeno 3)
Number sequence, analogy(?),
5. Geometry and other math problems, Logic problems (Greeno 4)
6. Problems in Physics and other sciences--Analogy
7. Memorizing a list (no transformations, goal known)
8. Induction 1: Decision and Categorization problems (Bruner, Goodnow,
and Austin; Rosch,
Controlled association)
9. Perceptual problems (Where's Waldo, Find words in letter matrix,
Find animals in picture,
reading an x-ray)
10. Playing games well (Chess, poker, bridge, (consider particular
moves in a game))
11. Creating novel objects: Writing an essay, composing a sonata, painting
a picture, carving a statue,
inventing a device, proposing a new scientific
theory
12. Evaluating a claim: scientific theories, charges of a crime, designing
experiments, ,
13. Skilled performance problems (Playing golf (correcting a slice),
playing a sonata, painting a picture,
carving a statue, removing a brain tumor,
shooting a basketball.
14. Memory search: Answering questions, Taking a test, recalling a
phone number,
15. Planning: Passing a test, Getting an A in a course, getting a job.
16. Find historical causes (Solving crimes, explaining historical events)
17. Social or political persuasion (Getting someone to do a favor,
convincing someone of something,
getting elected to public office, getting
a job)