Pierpaolo Di Carlo
Research Associate Professor
Department of Linguistics
University at Buffalo
The State University of New York
Email: pierpaol@buffalo.edu
Keywords
Sociolinguistics of multilingualism, Small-scale multilingualism, Language documentation, Ethnography, Bantoid, Cameroon, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Verbal Art Performance, Multidisciplinarity in the Social Sciences, GIS applied to the Humanities
At a glance
I am an anthropological linguist with an interest in multilingualism, language diversity, and language change. I specialize in the
documentation and analysis of endangered languages and communicative practices, especially multilingual behaviors, from a multidisciplinary perspective.
For my PhD, I focused on the
language and the culture of the Kalasha of the Birir Valley, in North-West Pakistan, with the goal of enhancing the understanding of the language-culture
nexus among the last speakers of an Indo-European language practicing a highly conservative form of polytheism.
Since 2010, I work on languages, communicative practices, and societies of the Cameroonian Grassfields.
In particular, I have progressively specialized in the sociolinguistic study of the forms of indigenous,
small-scale multilingualism that I documented in several rural areas of Cameroon. More recently, this line of
research brought me to work with displaced populations in both southern and northern Cameroon, including Boko
Haram refugees from the linguistically diverse Mandara mountains in the UNHCR camp of Minawao.
In parallel, I have focused on the study of processes of language convergence and divergence in both the
languages of the Hindu-Kush and the Cameroonian Grassfields. Like many fieldworkers, I found myself developing
an 'advocacy position' alongside my scholarly work. My close collaboration with researchers and communities in
Pakistan and Cameroon motivated me to create an advocacy agenda focused on the role of linguistic research
in advancing global health equity and universal access to knowledge.
Education
- MA in Palaeo-Ethnology (University of Firenze, Italy)
- PhD in Linguistics (University of Firenze, Italy). Link to my PhD thesis (in Italian, Firenze University Press 2010 Humanities PhD Award)
- Link to my short CV (updated 23 August 2024) (longer CV is here).
Projects
A good part of my work is devoted to the design and management of international research projects, most commonly led in collaboration between institutions from
the Global North (e.g. the University at Buffalo) and the Global South (e.g. Cameroonian Universities or NGOs in Pakistan). Managing projects of this kind includes substantial work to develop training
activities for participants (e.g. undergrad and graduate students, postdoc associates, and technicians),
which in turn require enough flexibility and sensitivity to develop truly cross-cultural communication. Since 2022, this kind of work has led me to also adopt Internet-in-a-box technology.
Publications
- In prep. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. “Language practices in rural Africa”. In Fiona Mc Laughlin (ed.) Oxford Handbook on Language in African Society. Oxford: OUP.
- Under review. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo and Honore Fon. "Multilingualism and health equity for displaced populations". In Actes du Premier Colloque de l'Observatoire sur le Plurilinguisme Africain, University of Dschang (Cameroon), 13-15 December 2023. (manuscript)
- Under review. Good, Jeff, Nelson Tschonghongei, Pierpaolo Di Carlo, and Clayton Hamre. "Bantoid lexical diversity from an individual-based perspective".
- Under review. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo and Jeff Good. “Small-scale multilingualism and language contact in rural Africa”. In J. Darquennes, J. Simons, and W. Wandenbussche (eds.) Language Contact, vol. 2. (HandbücherzurSprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaftseries). Berlin/New York: Mouton De Gruyter.
- Accepted/in press. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo, Ndokobai Dadak, Made Boukar, David Veved, and Amina Goron. “Vers la documentation des répertoires sémiotiques dans le camp HCR de Minawao. Compte-rendu des activités de terrain parmi des réfugiés nigérians à l’extrême nord du Cameroun". Journal of Postcolonial Linguistics, special volume edited by Susanne Mohr, Tatjana Schnellinger, and Dorothy Agyepong. (manuscript)
- Accepted/in press. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. “Language maps and sociolinguistic data. Developing linguistic cartography of Bantoid languages”. In P. Akumbu & R. Kießling (eds.) Banto1d, Proceedings of the Conference, Hamburg May 2022. (manuscript)
- Accepted/in press. Pan, Yijia, Ling Bian, Pierpaolo Di Carlo, and Jeff Good. “Does mobility drive language use? A dual-spatialization perspective”. Transactions in GIS.
- Accepted/in press. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo and Jeff Good. “Group formation: Language as a sociopolitical tool”. In Stanley Dubinsky, Michael Gavin, and Harvey Starr (eds.) Handbook of Language and Political Conflict, Cambridge: CUP.
- 2024. Pan, Yujia, Jiazhen Sun, Ling Bian, Pierpaolo Di Carlo & Jeff Good. “What Is Your Primary Language?”: Spatial Considerations of Primary Language Identification in a Multilingual Rural Region, The Professional Geographer, DOI: 10.1080/00330124.2024.2370264
- 2023. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo and Jeff Good. “Language contact or linguistic micro-engineering? Feature pools, social semiosis, and intentional language change in the Cameroonian Grassfields". Linguistic Typology at the Crossroads 3(1):72-125. (Monographic issue edited by P. Di Carlo & P. W. Akumbu Language contact and non-convergent change: cases from Africa) (pre-print)
- 2023. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. “Introduction". Linguistic Typology at the Crossroads 3(1):1-18. (Monographic issue edited by P. Di Carlo & P. W. Akumbu Language contact and non-convergent change: cases from Africa). (download)
- 2023. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. “Lineages, rituals, and gods among the Kalasha of Birir. Textual evidence”. In A.M. Cacopardo & A.S. Cacopardo (eds.) Roots of Peristan, Proceedings of the Conference, Rome 6-9 October 2022. (download)
- 2022. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. "Reappraising survey tools in the study of multilingualism. Lessons from contexts of small-scale multilingualism". Journal of Language Contact 15:376-403. (manuscript)
- 2022. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. "The geographic sides of small-scale multilingualism. Cartography of languages, competences, attitudes, perceptions, or what?". In G. Niedt (ed.) New Directions in Linguistic Geography - Exploring Articulations of Space, 49-85. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan. (manuscript).
- 2022. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo, Leonore Lukschy, Sydney Rey, and Vasiliki Vita. "The virALLanguages project. How documentary linguistics can contribute to crisis and risk communication". Linguistics Vanguard (special issue COVID-19). https://doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2021-0021
- 2022. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo, Bradley McDonnell, Lisa Vahapoglu, Jeff Good, and Katarzyna Kordas. "Public health information for minority linguistic communities". Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 100,1:78-80. (download).
- 2021. Akumbu, Pius W. and Pierpaolo Di Carlo. "Multilingualism: The language of health in Cameroon". P.W. Akumbu and J.G. Nzweundji (eds.) Responding to disease outbreak in Cameroon. Lessons from COVID-19, 10-21. Cologne: Rudiger Koppe. (draft shared upon request at pierpaol@buffalo.edu)
- 2021. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo, Rachel A. Ojong Diba, and Jeff Good. "Towards a coherent methodology for the documentation of small-scale multilingualism: Dealing with speech data". International Journal of Bilingualism 25,4:860-877. (Preprint)
- 2021. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo and Lia Giancristofaro. "Legends of 'kidnapping' and 'organ explant'. A study in Italy and Cameroon" (in Italian). Etnoantropologia 9 (1): 215-236. (download).
- 2020. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. Message- vs. community-centered models in risk communication. Language on the Move (blog).
- 2020. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo, Angiachi D. Esene Agwara, and Rachel A. Ojong Diba. "Multilingualism and the heteroglossia of ideologies in Lower Fungom (Cameroon)." Sociolinguistic Studies 14 (3): 321-345. (Download)
- 2020. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo and Jeff Good (eds.). African multilingualisms: Rural linguistic and cultural diversity. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.(Table of Contents, preface and introduction)
- 2020. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo and Jeff Good. "Introduction: Understanding the diversity of multilingualisms in Sub-Saharan Africa". In Pierpaolo Di Carlo and Jeff Good (eds.) African multilingualisms: Rural linguistic and cultural diversity , xv-xxxvii. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
- 2020. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo and Ayu'nwi N. Neba. "The So-Called Royal Register of Bafut within the Bafut Language Ecology. Language Ideologies and Multilingualism in the Cameroonian Grassfields". In Pierpaolo Di Carlo and Jeff Good (eds.) African multilingualisms: Rural linguistic and cultural diversity, 29-52. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. (Preprint)
- 2019. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo, Jeff Good, and Rachel A. Ojong Diba. "Multilingualism in rural Africa". In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.227. (Download)
- 2019. Mve, Patrick, Nelson C. Tschonghongei, Pierpaolo Di Carlo and Jeff Good. Cultural distinctiveness and linguistic esoterogeny: the case of the Fang language of Lower Fungom, Cameroon. In Pius Akumbu and Esther P. Chie (eds.) Engagement with Africa. Linguistic essays in honor of Ngessimo M. Mutaka, 163-178. Cologne: Ruediger Koeppe.
- 2018. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. "Toward an understanding of African traditional multilingualism: Ethnography, language ideologies, and the supernatural". International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 254: 139-163. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2018-0037. (download)
- 2018. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo, Jeff Good, Ling Bian, Yujia Pan, Penghang Liu. "Socio-spatial networks, multilingualism, and language use in a rural African context". In Paolo Fogliaroni et al. (eds.) Proceedings of posters and workshops at the 13th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT2017). Lecture notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 35-39. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-63946-8_9. Pre-print
- 2017. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo and Jeff Good. "The vitality and diversity of multilingual repertoires", Language 93, 4:e254-e262. DOI 10.1353/lan.2017.0069.
- 2017. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. "Etnicita' e multilinguismo: verso una comprensione dei processi identitari nel Camerun precoloniale". Nazioni e Regioni, 9: 89-101.
- 2016. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. "Retroflex vowels? Phonetics, phonology, and history of unusual sounds in Kalash and other languages of the Hindu Kush region". Archivio per l'Antropologia e la Etnologia CXLVI: 103-121.
- 2016. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. "Multilingualism, affiliation, and spiritual insecurity. From phenomena to processes in language documentation". In Mandana Seyfeddinipur (ed.) African language documentation: new data, methods and approaches - Language Documentation and Conservation special volume 10: 71-104.
- 2015. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo."Multilingualism, solidarity, and magic. New perspectives on traditional language ideologies in the Cameroonian Grassfields". In: Plurilinguismo - Sintassi. Atti del XLVI Congresso Internazionale della Societa' Italiana di Linguistica: 287-302. Roma, Bulzoni.
- 2015. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo and Jeff Good, "Comment" on Koen Bostoen, Bernard Clist, Charles Doumenge, Rebecca Grollemund, Jean-Marie Hombert, Joseph Koni Muluwa, and Jean Maley "Middle to Late Holocene Paleoclimatic Change and the Early Bantu Expansion in the Rain Forests of Western Central Africa". Current Anthropology, Vol. 56, No. 3 (June 2015), pp. 354-384 (comment is at page 368).
- 2014. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo and Jeff Good. "What are we trying to preserve? Diversity, change, and ideology at the edge of the Cameroonian Grassfields". In Peter Austin and Julia Sallabank (eds.) Endangered Languages: Beliefs and Ideology: 231 - 264. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
- 2012. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo and Pizziolo, Giovanna. "Spatial reasoning and GIS in linguistic prehistory. Two case studies from Lower Fungom (Northwest Cameroon)". Language Dynamics and Change, 2: 150-183
- 2012. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. "L'enigma nord-piceno: nuove prospettive pluridisciplinari", AION (ling), 31: 147-162. (download)
- 2011. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. "Lower Fungom linguistic diversity and its historical development: proposals from a multidisciplinary perspective". Africana Linguistica XVII: 39-86.
- 2011. Jeff Good, Jesse Lovegren, Jean Patrick Mve, Carine Nganguep Tchiemouo, Rebecca Voll, and Pierpaolo Di Carlo. "The languages of the Lower Fungom region of Cameroon. Grammatical overview". Africana Linguistica XVII:87-149.(download)
- 2011. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. "Two clues of a former Hindu-Kush linguistic area?". In C. Everhard & E. Mela-Athanasopoulou (eds.) Selected Papers from the 1st International Conference on Language Documentation and Tradition with special interest in the Kalasha of the Hindu Kush Valleys, Himalayas, 101-114. Thessaloniki: University Studio Press.(download)
- 2011. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. "Kalasha language maintenance through tradition vitality". In C. Everhard & E. Mela-Athanasopoulou (eds.) Selected Papers from the 1st International Conference on Language Documentation and Tradition with special interest in the Kalasha of the Hindu Kush Valleys, Himalayas, 235-246. Thessaloniki: University Studio Press.(download)
- 2011. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. "I Kalasha del Hindu Kush: ricerche linguistiche e antropologiche", in N. Maraschio and D. De Martino (eds.) Se telefonando... ti scrivo: l'italiano dal parlato al digitato. I giovani e la lingua. Atti dei convegni, 11 Maggio 2007 e 26 Novembre 2007, 163-174. Firenze: Accademia della Crusca.
- 2010. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. I Kalasha del Hindu Kush. Ricerche linguistiche e antropologiche. Premio Tesi di Dottorato n. 12, Firenze: Firenze University Press. [338 pp., ill. + online volume of Kalasha edited texts: URL http://digital.casalini.it/9788884537577]. ISBN 978-88-8453-861-1. (download)
- 2010. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. "Take care of the poets! Verbal art performances as key factors in the preservation of Kalasha language and culture". Anthropological Linguistics, 52, 2: 141-159. (download)
- 2007. Di Carlo, Pierpaolo. L'enigma nord-piceno. Saggio sulla lingua delle stele di Novilara e sul loro contesto culturale. Quaderni del Dipartimento di Linguistica di Firenze - Studi n. 7, Padova: Unipress. [106 pp., ill.](download)